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- Engineering without Engineers, Architecture without Architects: dry stone wallsPublication . Marçal Gonçalves, Marta; Pérez Cano, María Teresa; Prates, Gonçalo; J. A. Marin Casanova; J. E. González Vallés; Daniel Navas CarrilloDry stone walls, also called loose stone walls, are a consequence of Man's becoming sedentary and his need to obtain food through agriculture. They were built without the help of engineers or architects, however, they demonstrate complex knowledge of construction and implantation in the terrain, depending on environmental conditions and the place where they are inserted, forming a characteristic landscape of each region. It is intended to make a comparison between two Portuguese territories, located in the Centre and in the South of Portugal, with different characteristics, analyzing various typological and natural factors, formed by these walls. This article starts with the characterization of the climate and geology and moves to a comparative analysis of the type of stone and the typology of the walls, to culminate in the differentiation of the landscapes generated in the territories where they are inserted. In order to better know their characteristics, several field visits were made, as well as a photographic and bibliographical collection, cartographic surveys and direct contact with the naturals of the places. It is intended to publish this kind of vernacular heritage and to valorize it, especially for the local population, which, as a rule, does not value this type of heritage and landscapes. Once valued, it will be the local community itself to protect, publicize and exploit them, taking advantage of the sense of place and the sense of attachment that the local population usually presents. On the other hand, inrecognizing the patrimonial, tourist and economic potential of this heritage and landscapes, the populations organize themselves, protecting and maintaining this good. The works in this field of study, in the studied regions, are very scarce or non-existent. From this perspective, this paper has an additional value, being one more work to divulge and promote this heritage.
- Resiliência de comunidades rurais: a freguesia de Cernache do Bonjardim, PortugalPublication . Marçal Gonçalves, Marta; Pérez Cano, María Teresa; Rosendahl, StefanA temática abordada neste artigo é a resiliência de uma comunidade rural, situada no interior de Portugal continental. O objectivo foi retratar a resiliência desta comunidade e elaborarem-se análises posteriores para percepção dos pontos positivos e negativos apresentados. Actualmente a resiliência de uma comunidade é bastante discutida, mas não foram encontrados em Portugal, estudos que quantificassem ou permitissem percepcionar a real resiliência de uma comunidade rural. Para se conseguir este objectivo, foram feitas pesquisas bibliográficas que ajudaram a compreender esta questão e foram elaborados inquéritos, com base no método utilizado, para se conseguir delinear a questão. O principal resultado foi a confirmação do que se intuía na prática, o que veio a confirmar-se à posteriori: que a freguesia em estudo tem uma resiliência inata, mas que esta corre o risco de desaparecer devido ao problema da desertificação.
- Heritage as a structuring factor of the territories' resiliencePublication . Marçal Gonçalves, Marta; Pérez Cano, María Teresa; Rosendahl, StefanThis work results from a doctoral thesis, being applied to the parish of Cernache do Bonjardim, Portugal, which proved to be a very rich source of study. It was proved what was intuited: the Cernachense (natural from Cernache’s parrish) have a great sense of place and identity. Despite all the setbacks, the one who prefers to stay, is naturally enterprising and multifaceted. The research that underlies this subject has proven to increase the concern to maintain the heritage and the valorisation of the parish, as a result of the intrinsic curiosity of these people, with the desire to perceive and to value what surrounds them, looking for suggestions to energize their land. Territorial and community resilience analysis were carried out, the latter being a pioneer in Portugal.
- A glimpse at impacts and resilience in the Parish of Cernache do Bonjardim, PortugalPublication . Marçal Gonçalves, Marta; Pérez Cano, María Teresa; Rosendahl, StefanThe object of study here is the parish of Cernache do Bonjardim in central Portugal and in accordance with the territorial boundaries in effect until 2013. The motivation for producing this article is that the results of the 2021 census are due for publication and may enable the building of relationships between these data and the resilience of the community in this parish. Based on the resilience of rural communities' concept, and through analysis of statistical data, we aim to understand how the variations in population and accommodation influence the different parameters of community resilience. The relevance of this work derives from its object of study and the actuality of the data. The starting data are those provided by the national institutions for the last three censuses. As there were administrative changes and impacts on the community in the last decade, there was the need to process the data to be able to analyse the studied parish in isolation. The findings demonstrate how the negative trends have continued over the last two decades, exacerbating the problems of desertification and population ageing. Therefore, the problems affecting the resilience of this community have also remained the same. As expected, the community of the parish studied proved to be resilient, despite all the setbacks and impacts suffered, as reflected in the various works developed both on this topic and on this community.
- The (un)recognition of cultural heritage: the parish of Cernache do Bonjardim, PortugalPublication . Marçal Gonçalves, Marta; Pérez Cano, María TeresaIn this parish of the centre of Portugal, heritage is essentially vernacular and could become a centre of knowledge and an attractive for the region. This heritage is not cur-rently recognized by the people who live there. The present article intends to make a survey of types of heritage of this territory, aiming to make it better known to allow its protection. This work discloses what might be recognized as an emerging, essentially ethnological heritage. The divulgation and awareness of heritage is important, whatever their category might be. When there is recognition of the heritage, this can now be seen in a different way. We hope that this work may serve to disseminate and preserve this heritage. In the future, this might become one of the bases of sustainable development in this region, helping to establish population and to improve their standard of living.
- Water, wells, wheels and wealthPublication . Marçal Gonçalves, Marta; Pérez Cano, María Teresa; Rosendahl, Stefan; Rogério Amoêda; Sérgio Lira; Cristina Pinheiro; J. M. S. Zaragoza; J. C. Serrano; F. G. CarrilloWater, essential to life, is also fundamental to the economy of the rural territories, originating innumerable vernacular heritage. Throughout the investigation carried out on the heritage of the parish of Cernache do Bonjardim, Portugal, it was verified that its water-related heritage was numerous and diversified, having a lot of potential in several ways. The paper’s scope is the description and dissemination of this type of vernacular heritage, recording this information so that it can be used for later actions. Often, the attitude of the inhabitants became proactive, as they didn’t wait for local power’s initiatives to carry out maintenance of some places, demonstrating pride and social responsibility. This paper also enables the knowing of this subject, making it an element of work for decision makers, allowing the improvement of several aspects of the Planning of this Territory.