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- Stress approach by media artPublication . Figueiredo, Mauro; Jesus, Saúl; Duarte, Duarte; Cabral, FernandoWith a background in conceptual art and media art, and the relations between science and art, we tried to approach the concept of stress through art. Stress is a recent problem of people in several countries, and could be caused by external factors, such as social pressure, or be derived from internal factors, such as the requirement that the subject puts himself. Stress had a negative impact at several organs of the human body, but heart is the main one. Taking into account all of these aspects, and from photos of two drawings of the heart ...setup program EDIUS, that integrate all the images and sounds planned to perform the stress.
- Effects of a brief mindfulness-based intervention on emotional regulation and levels of mindfulness in senior studentsPublication . Chiodelli, Roberto; Mello, Luana T. N.; Jesus, Saúl; Andretta, IlanaMindfulness-based interventions have been applied in diverse populations and achieved mental health benefits. This study examined the effects of a brief mindfulness program for emotional regulation and levels of mindfulness on senior students in Brazil. The intervention consisted of six weekly meetings attended by 30 participants. It is a pre-experimental research, with pre- and post-test comparative and correlation measurements. The preliminary results, which relied on parametrical and non-parametrical tests, revealed a reduction in total emotional regulation difficulties (p = 0.0001; r = − 0.55). Also, there was an increase in the levels of mindfulness in the subtests for both dimensions under evaluation: “Awareness” (p = 0.0001; d = 0.77) and “Acceptance” (p = 0.048; d = 0.37). By associating the amount of meditative practices performed by students with the variables, a significant positive correlation was found with the mindfulness dimension “Awareness” (rP = 0.422; p = 0.020), and there was a significant negative correlation with Difficulties in emotion regulation (rS = − 0.478; p = 0.008) and with its respective subscales “Non-acceptance” (rS = − 0.654; p = 0.0001) and “Clarity” (rS = − 0.463; p = 0.010). In conclusion, the application of a brief mindfulness-based intervention is promising in Brazilian university contexts; moreover, it can bring benefits to students, e.g., an increase in emotion regulation as well as in levels of mindfulness. We suggest that further research should use an experimental design and follow-up.
- Sense of place, risk perceptions and preparedness of a coastal population at risk (Faro Beach, Portugal): a qualitative content analysisPublication . Domingues, Rita B.; Costas, Susana; Jesus, Saúl; Ferreira, ÓscarFaro Beach, a heavily urbanized settlement in Ria Formosa, southern Portugal, is highly vulnerable to coastal hazards, namely beach erosion and overwashes caused by storms, that have resulted in house and road damage on several occasions. Despite the risks, local residents accept to live there. Four semi-structured interviews were conducted to understand residents’ beliefs, risk perceptions and preparedness regarding coastal risks. We used a qualitative content analysis to derive manifest contents from the interviews. Three main themes were identified in the interviews: how residents feel about Faro Beach; how they perceive coastal hazards and risks; and how they deal with those risks. Positive feelings regarding Faro Beach were identified in all residents, reflecting a strong sense of place that includes high levels of place attachment, rooting, sense of community and place identity. Residents’ personal experiences with hazards probably undersized their perceptions regarding the risks that they are exposed to. Their willingness to participate in disaster risk reduction measures seemed associated with behavioral barriers driven by mistrust in authorities and externalization of responsibility. Residents also revealed low levels of preparedness towards coastal hazards, probably due to their low risk perceptions and their perception of threats as distant in time.
- The volunteer functions inventory (VFI): Adaptation and psychometric properties among a portuguese sample of volunteersPublication . Martins, Cátia; da Silva, José Tomás; Jesus, Saúl; Ribeiro, Conceição; Estêvão, M. Dulce; Baptista, Ricardo; Carmo, Cláudia; Brás, Marta; Santos, Rita; Nunes, C.: The Volunteer Functions Inventory (VFI) is an instrument widely used to assess volunteers’ motivation based on the Functionalist Model of Omoto and Snyder. It assesses six factors that reflect several motivational functions. The VFI has been translated into various languages and validated in different cultural contexts, but some studies have reported different factor structures (e.g., five or four factors). In the Portuguese context, previous studies have also shown inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to adapt and validate the VFI for Portuguese volunteers, testing several alternative models (nine models) using confirmatory factor analysis. The sample comprised 468 volunteers (76.3% women), aged from 13 to 81 years (M = 36.66, SD = 14.93). The results support the original interrelated six-factor model as the best-fitting one. The VFI showed good internal consistency and convergent validity. Significant correlations were found between the VFI factors, organizational commitment, and volunteers’ satisfaction. Overall, the six-factor VFI is a valid and reliable tool for measuring the motivational functions of Portuguese volunteers, with implications for practice and research in the volunteering field.
- The influence of planning and response inhibition on cognitive functioning of Non-Psychotic unipolar depressed suicide attemptersPublication . Moniz, Marco; Jesus, Saul Neves de; Pacheco, Andreia; Gonçalves, Eduardo; Viseu, J.; Brás, Marta; Silva, Dina; Batista, SilviaDepression is one of the main risk factors for suicide. However, little is known about the intricate relationships among depressive symptomatology in unipolar depression, suicide risk, and the characteristics of executive dysfunction in depressed patients. We compared 20 non-psychotic unipolar depressed suicide attempters to 20 matching depressed non-attempters and to 20 healthy controls to further investigate the possible differences in neuropsychological performance. Depressed subjects were controlled for current suicidal ideation, and their neuropsychological profile was assessed using a range of measures of executive functioning, attention, verbal memory, processing speed, and psychomotor speed. Depressed groups were outperformed by healthy controls. Depressed attempters presented more cognitive impairment than depressed non-attempters on a simple Go/No-go response inhibition task and performed better than non-attempters on the Tower of London planning task. Depressed attempters were clearly distinguished by a deficit in response inhibition (Go/No-go commission errors). The normative planning performance (Tower of London extra moves) of the suicide attempters was unexpected, and this unanticipated finding calls for further research. Normative planning may indicate an increased risk of suicidal behavior.
- Meaningful experiences in tourism: A systematic review of psychological constructsPublication . Câmara, Ester; Pocinho, Margarida; AGAPITO, DORA; Jesus, SaúlThis study explored the components of meaningful tourist experiences together with their antecedents and outcomes according to a framework of positive psychology and tourism. The theoretical rationale of this systematic literature review was chosen to clarify the synergies between these constructs, wellbeing and mindfulness to understand how tourists derive meaning from their experiences. The scientific platforms Scopus and Web of Science were selected to conduct the search for journal articles. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final sample was comprised of 70 articles. The results evidence the holistic character of meaningful experiences in tourism in terms of personal, emotional, wellbeing, relational and behavioural dimensions that enable a better conceptualisation of the construct. These experiences were significantly assessed on life satisfaction, meaning and purpose, emotions, authenticity and mindfulness. This review highlights the potential of positive psychology to maximise tourists' wellbeing through their experiences. It represents an opportunity for the tourism and hospitality industry as well as other entities to enhance tourists' experiences, such as researchers, psychologists, resident communities and universities. Therefore, this study contributes to future research to better assess meaningful tourist experiences and to tourism companies so they can manage enhanced experiences considering the multidimensional nature of the construct from a positive psychology perspective.
- The inventory of callous–unemotional traits: psychometric properties among referred and non-referred portuguese female juvenilesPublication . Pechorro, Pedro; Ray, James V.; Gonçalves, Rui Abrunhosa; Jesus, SaúlThe presence of callous-unemotional (CU) traits delineates a subgroup of male youth with severe conduct disorder and antisocial behavior, but little research has been done among female youth. Drawing on 377 female adolescents (103 selected from forensic settings and 274 selected from school settings) from Portugal, the current study is the first to simultaneously examine the psychometric properties of the Inventory of Callous Unemotional Traits (ICU) in incarcerated female youth and community youth. The results support the use of the ICU in terms of its factor structure, and internal consistency despite the fact an item had to be removed from the Callousness dimension. Statistically significant positive associations were found with measures of psychopathic traits and aggression, as well as non-significant associations with empathy and social anxiety. Significant associations were also found with several indicators of delinquent careers including age of criminal onset, age of first contact with the law, Conduct Disorder symptoms and diagnosis, crime seriousness, previous violent offending, number of criminal charges, alcohol use, and drug use. Findings are discussed in terms of the use of the ICU among female juvenile offenders and community youths.
- Wellness tourism: a bibliometric analysis approachPublication . Martins, Patrícia Raquel Fernandes; De jesus, Saúl; Pocinho, Margarida; Patrícia Valle, Patrícia Oom do ValleAn emerging field, wellness tourism can reduce stress levels and foster positive emotions, leading to a healthy balance of body, mind, and spirit and satisfying consumer experiences that enhance personal well-being. As a distinct subcategory of health tourism, it is often erroneously interchanged with medical tourism in the literature. Moreover, up to this point, no comprehensive review has assessed the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on wellness tourism research. A bibliometric review was conducted to fill this gap. Data was collected in June 2023 through the Web of Science (WoS) database. The selection process encompassed articles published from January 2013 to June 2023. A total of 143 relevant peer-reviewed articles published in English-language journals were selected. Data were analyzed through evaluation techniques based on productivity and impact measures and relational techniques via mapping the results through VOSviewer software. Based on these findings, potential directions and suggestions for future research were proposed.
- Effects of the Interculturality and Mindfulness Program (PIM) on university students: a quasi-experimental studyPublication . Chiodelli, Roberto; Jesus, Saúl; Mello, Luana Thereza Nesi de; Andretta, Ilana; Oliveira, Diana; Costa, Maria Emília Santos; Russell, TamaraRates of mental health issues have been increasing among university students. This study investigates the effects of the Interculturality and Mindfulness Program (PIM) on academic students on mindfulness, emotional regulation, depression, anxiety, stress, life satisfaction, optimism, positive solitude, and loneliness. A quasi-experimental research was conducted, with pre- and post-test comparative measurements in three groups: in-person (IG), synchronous online (OG), and passive control (CG). A diverse group of students (n = 150; mean age = 25.4 ± 8.31) participated from two universities in Portugal. When compared to the CG, both active groups (IG and OG) demonstrated a beneficial interaction effect in acceptance, positive solitude, optimism, and mindfulness. The IG demonstrated a positive interaction effect in awareness and satisfaction with life, whereas the OG indicated a favorable interaction effect in impulse. When analyzing the intra-group effects, both active groups presented a significant improvement in stress, emotion regulation, mindfulness, positive solitude, and optimism. The OG demonstrated an improvement in awareness and loneliness. The main limitations of this research are that students were not randomly assigned, and groups were heterogeneous in nationality, education level, and sex. Nonetheless, PIM has indicated beneficial results in both IG and OG, and is a promising intervention for the prevention of mental health issues (e.g., stress, difficulties in emotional regulation, and loneliness), as well as for the promotion of well-being (e.g., positive solitude, mindfulness, life satisfaction, and optimism).
- Desenho do trabalho, atitudes positivas e suas implicações em unidades de hotelariaPublication . Almeida, H.; Faísca, Luís; Jesus, SaúlA presente investigação propõe um modelo analítico que tenta conciliar as PRH (práticas de recursos humanos) com a lógica do negócio e que se baseia em três modelos teóricos: “Características do Trabalho” (Hackman & Oldham, 1987), “Três Componentes do Envolvimento Organizacional” (Allen & Meyer, 1990) e “Intenção de Turnover” (Hom & Griffeth, 2001). O modelo proposto avalia o efeito exercido por determinados antecedentes de atitudes positivas no trabalho (potencial motivador do trabalho, percepção de alternativas de empregabilidade e de sacrifícios elevados) em variáveis de resultado (intenção de turnover e recomendação da empresa), analisando-se o papel mediador das atitudes (implicação afectiva, satisfação geral e satisfação orientada para o cliente) sobre essa relação. Para o efeito, inquiriu-se uma amostra heterogénea de 303 trabalhadores pertencentes a diversos grupos profissionais de hotelaria, recorrendo aos instrumentos “Satisfação Orientada para o Cliente Interno” (especialmente desenvolvido para o efeito), “Affective, Normative and Continuance Commitment” (versão portuguesa de Almeida, Faisca & Jesus, 2007) e Job Diagnostic Survey (versão portuguesa de Almeida, Faísca e Jesus, 2009). Adoptou-se uma metodologia de análise de dados diversificada (regressões múltiplas e equações estruturais), tendo os resultados evidenciado um efeito positivo e significativo dos antecedentes nas variáveis de resultado analisadas: as variáveis antecedentes explicam 46% variação da intenção de sair da empresa e 33% da recomendação da empresa. Alguns antecedentes estudados exerceram efeito directo sobre as variáveis resposta, outros exerceram indirecto através das atitudes de satisfação no trabalho e implicação afectiva. Estes resultados são discutidos à luz do desenvolvimento de modelos de intervenção que envolva atitudes e intenções de comportamento com implicações relevantes para as organizações de hotelaria.