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- Implementation obstacles and strategy implementation failurePublication . Candido, Carlos; Santos, SérgioPurpose – The paper addresses the following question: How do strategy implementation obstacles relate to each other and affect strategy implementation? Method – The research methodology is qualitative and based on an extensive review of the literature and on an in-depth case study analysis. Findings – This paper draws two main conclusions. The first is that the many obstacles that impact the strategy implementation process can interact and be strongly interrelated in dynamic and complex manners. The second is that obstacles can lead to and reinforce other obstacles, eventually forming long chains of blockages. Originality – Strategy implementation remains a difficult task with improbable success. This paper provides a contribution to an explanation on why so many strategy implementation efforts fail. It is one of the very few papers addressing the issue of the relationships between strategy implementation obstacles.
- Factors influencing firm propensity for ISO 9001 withdrawal: Evidence on decertification tendency and antecedentsPublication . Ferreira, Luís M. F. R.; Cândido, Carlos J. F.There are approximately 1,000,000 ISO 9001 certified companies worldwide. Every year, one third of these companies must decide whether to renew, or not, their certificate. The number of companies that abandon or lose the certificate has been growing and reached an average of 60,000 per year. Considering that there is currently no theory or model to explain this propensity of firms to decertify (18%), the aim of this study is to identify the underlying factors influencing firm propensity for ISO 9001 withdrawal and to analyse the relationships between these factors. In order to achieve these aims, the research develops a structural equation model (PLS-SEM), from extant literature, and estimates the model with survey data from a sample of 221 ISO 9001 certified companies. Results show that the main antecedents to decertification propensity are barriers to the initial certification, (absence of) external certification benefits, decertification motivations, and expected performance after decertification. This is the first study to address decertification from a systemic and comprehensive perspective and to present a structural equation model of the phenomenon. The study makes an integrated contribution to explain decertification propensity with the help of novel research variables. Results suggest several contributions to theory, and practice, and contribute to clarify a major contradiction in the field.
- ISO 9001 internal decertification motivations: exploring barriers and benefits of certification as withdrawal antecedentsPublication . Candido, Carlos J. F.; Ferreira, Luis M. F. R.Thousands of companies worldwide lose their ISO 9001 certification every year. Considering the relevance that this decertification phenomenon has achieved, this study examines the internal motivations for decertification and explores the relationships between motivations and firm's previous certification barriers and benefits. To achieve this purpose, the study develops a partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) from the literature and estimates the model based on data collected from a sample of 248 certified organisations. Results reveal that the main antecedents of internal decertification motivations are external factors, namely external decertification motivations and external certification barriers. External barriers do not disappear after certification and have a stronger influence on motivations than (lack of) certification benefits. Internal and external benefits have a small effect on motivations, and internal barriers have no significant effect. In addition, the relationship between external barriers and internal decertification motivations is mediated by external motivations. Similarly, the relation between external benefits and internal motivations is mediated by internal benefits. Currently, there are no other studies on the relationship between internal and external decertification motivations, nor studies identifying the antecedents of both motivations. Thus, the research findings constitute novel contributions to the literature and suggest relevant implications for practice.
- Obstacles, their relationships and strategy implementation failurePublication . Cândido, Carlos; Santos, Sérgio Pereira dosStrategy implementation remains a difficult task with improbable success. This paper provides an explanation on why so many strategy implementation efforts fail. The paper addresses the following questions: What are the obstacles to a successful strategy implementation? Do these obstacles simply accumulate during implementation or do they relate to each other in more damaging ways? and Can an obstacle be the cause leading to, and reinforcing, other obstacles? Based on an extensive review of the literature and on an in-depth case study analysis, this paper draws three main conclusions. The first is that there is little agreement regarding what the real implementation obstacles are. The second is that obstacles interact and can be strongly interrelated in dynamic and complex manners, which add further difficulties to the process of strategy implementation. The third is that obstacles can lead to and cause other obstacles, eventually forming long causality chains of blockages.
- A survey on ISO 9001 decertified companies: the three stages leading to withdrawalPublication . Delfino, Pedro; Peixinho, Rúben; Candido, Carlos Joaquim Farias; SERRA COELHO, LUÍS MIGUELThis study investigates the three main stages of the ISO 9001 certification process (implementation, maintenance, and withdrawal) from the perspective of decertified firms. The research employs a descriptive and inductive survey methodology, drawing insights from a literature review and the analysis of primary data obtained from a sample of decertified organisations. Results suggest that the decertification is triggered during the pre-certification stage, where these firms overemphasise external motivations to the detriment of internal ones. Additionally, this study finds that, in the maintenance stage, these firms are unable to commit to continuous improvement. The interplay of external motivations, the lack of internalisation and continuous improvement, and the nature of benefits gained by these entities ultimately leads to certification withdrawal. Furthermore, the paper highlights that the consequences of decertification vary: most firms report no negative impact on their performance, but some report a negative impact, which seems to result from even stronger external motivations. This is the first descriptive (and inductive) study to address decertification from the dual perspective of the whole certification process and of the decertified firms, adding to the scarce research on decertification by providing a comprehensive overview of this phenomenon and identifying a holistic explanation for the withdrawal.
- A survey on ISO 9001 decertified companies: the three stages leading to withdrawalPublication . Delfino, Pedro M.V.; Peixinho, Rúben; Candido, Carlos Joaquim Farias; SERRA COELHO, LUÍS MIGUELThis study investigates the three main stages of the ISO 9001 certification process (implementation, maintenance, and withdrawal) from the perspective of decertified firms. The research employs a descriptive and inductive survey methodology, drawing insights from a literature review and the analysis of primary data obtained from a sample of decertified organizations. Results suggest that the decertification is triggered during the pre-certification stage, where these firms overemphasize external motivations to the detriment of internal ones. Additionally, this study finds that, in the maintenance stage, these firms are unable to commit to continuous improvement. The interplay of external motivations, the lack of internalization and continuous improvement, and the nature of benefits gained by these entities ultimately leads to certification withdrawal. Furthermore, the paper highlights that the consequences of decertification vary: most firms report no negative impact on their performance, but some report a negative impact, which seems to result from even stronger external motivations. This is the first descriptive (and inductive) study to address decertification from the dual perspective of the whole certification process and of the decertified firms, adding to the scarce research on decertification by providing a comprehensive overview of this phenomenon and identifying a holistic explanation for the withdrawal.