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- Cost-effective bioethanol production at low content of nitrogen source from carob syrupPublication . Raposo, Sara; Sousa, Catarina; Rodrigues, B.; Lima-Costa, Maria Emília; Quintas, Célia; Rodrigues, F.Ethanol, as biofuel, has received great interest in the latest decades due to its potential as an alternative transport fuel. Nowadays, ethanol can be produced through fermentative processes, using sugar rich agricultural raw material and it may have a significant role in reducing environmental impact of fossil fuels.
- Bioethanol production using carob pod, as carbon source on submerged fermentationPublication . Lima-Costa, Maria Emília; Sousa, Catarina; Rodrigues, B.; Quintas, Célia; Raposo, SaraIn the latest years the research for new sources of carbon sources, among industry by-products as potential raw material for bioethanol production is a needful and a sustainable strategy for the success of 2nd generation biofuels.
- The effect of ethanol on the plasma membrane permeability of spoilage yeastsPublication . Quintas, Célia; Lima-Costa, Maria Emília; Loureiro-Dias, M. C.The effect of ethanol on the passive proton influx and on leakage of compounds absorbing at 260 nm, as representatives of intracellular content, was studied on food spoilage yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zygosaccharomyces bailii, Pichia sp. and Debaryomyces hansenii. For volume fraction below 10 %, the effect of ethanol on the proton influx was in general weak, but above a certain treshold of ethanol high values were observed. In Z. bailii ethanol had no effect up to 20 % (volume fraction). Previous growth of the cells in the presence of benzoic acid or ethanol did not affect the influx of protons in the presence of ethanol. Leakage of compounds absorbing at 260 nm was not observed at 25 degrees C and occurred at 30 degrees C only after a rather long incubation in high concentrations of ethanol, which induced cell death. This suggests that in the yeasts this process does not control the leakage of compounds in the presence of ethanol.
- Kinetic and energetic parameters of carob wastes fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: crabtree effect, ethanol toxicity, and invertase repressionPublication . Rodrigues, Brígida; Peinado, J. M.; Raposo, Sara; Constantino, Ana; Quintas, Célia; Emília Lima-Costa, MariaCarob waste is a useful raw material for the second-generation ethanol because 50% of its dry weight is sucrose, glucose, and fructose. To optimize the process, we have studied the influence of the initial concentration of sugars on the fermentation performance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. With initial sugar concentrations (S0) of 20 g/l, the yeasts were derepressed and the ethanol produced during the exponential phase was consumed in a diauxic phase. The rate of ethanol consumption decreased with increasing S0 and disappeared at 250 g/l when the Crabtree effect was complete and almost all the sugar consumed was transformed into ethanol with a yield factor of 0.42 g/g. Sucrose hydrolysis was delayed at high S0 because of glucose repression of invertase synthesis, which was triggered at concentrations above 40 g/l. At S0 higher than 250 g/l, even when glucose had been exhausted, sucrose was hydrolyzed very slowly, probably due to an inhibition at this low water activity. Although with lower metabolic rates and longer times of fermentation, 250 g/l is considered the optimal initial concentration because it avoids the diauxic consumption of ethanol and maintains enough invertase activity to consume all the sucrose, and also avoids the inhibitions due to lower water activities at higher S0.