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- Influence of elaboration process on chemical, biological, and sensory characteristics of European pennyroyal liqueursPublication . Rodríguez Solana, Raquel; Esteves, Eduardo; Mansinhos, Inês; Gonçalves, Sandra; Perez-Santin, Efren; Galego, Ludovina; Romano, AnabelaBACKGROUND: Mentha pulegium is an aromatic and medicinal plant used in different Mediterranean herb-based liqueurs, whose phytochemical composition depends on the elaboration technique used. The aim of this work was to investigate differences in the sensory, chemical, and biological characteristics of pennyroyal liqueurs elaborated by hydro-alcoholic (HI) and aqueous (AI) infusions, percolation (P), maceration (M), and distillation (D) techniques, and by the mixture of spirit with pennyroyal essential oil (EO). The volatile composition determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detection (GC-FID), the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents, the antioxidant (AC), and enzyme (alpha-glucosidase, tyrosinase, and acetylcholinesterase) inhibitory capacities, and the sensory analysis by napping, were evaluated in the liqueurs obtained. RESULTS: Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were the main volatiles present in liqueurs. The M, P, HI, and AI liqueurs showed the highest TPC, TFC, and AC values; and pulegone, the main hepatotoxic chemotype, was found in concentrations that gave rise to concern. The D and EO liqueurs stand out for their acceptable pulegone content and greater tyrosinase inhibition. Similar liqueur classifications were achieved by sensory analyses, and physico-chemical and biological analyses using multiple factor and principal component analyses, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results are an important contribution to the identification of the most appropriate elaboration conditions for herbal liqueurs with the healthiest chemical composition and functional properties. (c) 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
- Phenolic profile, antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory capacities of fruit and seed extracts from different Algerian cultivars of date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) were affected by in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestionPublication . Djaoudene, Ouarda; Mansinhos, Inês; Gonçalves, Sandra; Jose Jara-Palacios, M.; Bey, Mostapha Bachir; Romano, AnabelaThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the digestive process (gastric and intestinal phases) on the stability of the individual and total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents, antioxidant activity and enzymes inhibitory potential of extracts from date fruits (pulp) and seeds from eight Algerian cultivars of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera). The obtained results showed a considerable increase in the TPC for both samples when exposed to digestion conditions. The TFC was higher after gastric digestion compared to intestinal digestion. Along the digestion process, the release of individual phenolics (phenolic acids and flavonoids) analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) showed different behavior in seed and fruit extracts. The digestion increased the scavenging of 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and peroxyl (oxygen radical absorbance capacity, ORAC) radicals in both samples. However, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity were reduced in date seed extracts, while the fruit extracts showed an increase at the end of digestion process. The enzymes inhibitory potential of date seeds extracts decreased after digestion and was maintained or enhanced in fruit extracts. Thus, it seems that the date fruit extracts had more bioaccessible components compared to seed extracts. (C) 2020 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- The influence of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the chemical composition and antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory capacities of carob liqueurs obtained with different elaboration techniquesPublication . Rodríguez Solana, Raquel; Coelho, Natacha; Santos-Rufo, Antonio; Gonçalves, Sandra; Pérez-Santín, Efrén; Romano, AnabelaCarob liqueur is a traditional Mediterranean alcoholic beverage obtained via a wide range of production techniques contributing to the different organoleptic attributes of the final product. The aim of this research was to evaluate the stability of the chemical composition and biological capacities (antioxidant and enzyme inhibition) under in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion of liqueurs prepared by flavouring the fig spirit with carob pulp by maceration, distillation, percolation, or aqueous and hydro-alcoholic infusions. For this purpose, the phenolic and furanic compositions, the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents, antioxidant capacity (AC), and enzyme inhibitory potential against acethylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes were evaluated. The content of gallic acid decreased after gastrointestinal digestion, while TPC, TFC, and AC significantly increased after each digestion phase. Overall, no significantly different enzyme inhibitions (p < 0.05) were observed among digested liqueurs, with moderate inhibition against acethylcholinesterase and tyrosinase (enzymes related with neurodegenerative diseases), and potent and low inhibitory capacities for α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively (ideal conditions employed in antidiabetic therapy). The study indicates that hydro-alcoholic infusion and maceration were the most appropriate methods to obtain liqueurs with higher values of the aforementioned parameters and safe levels of toxic furanics.
- Ultrasonic-assisted extraction and natural deep eutectic solvents combination: A green strategy to improve the recovery of phenolic compounds from Lavandula Pedunculata subsp. Lusitanica (Chaytor) FrancoPublication . Mansinhos, Inês; Gonçalves, Sandra; Rodríguez Solana, Raquel; Ordóñez-Díaz, José Luis; Moreno-Rojas, José Manuel; Romano, A.The present study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of different natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) on the extraction of phenolic compounds from Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco, on the antioxidant activity, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and tyrosinase (Tyr) inhibitory capacities. Ten different NADES were used in this research and compared with conventional solvents. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for 60 min proved to be the best extraction condition, and proline:lactic acid (1:1) and choline chloride:urea (1:2) extracts showed the highest total phenolic contents (56.00 ± 0.77 mgGAE/gdw) and antioxidant activity [64.35 ± 1.74 mgTE/gdw and 72.13 ± 0.97 mgTE/gdw in 2.2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2.20 -azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) methods, respectively]. These extracts also exhibited enzymes inhibitory capacity particularly against Tyr and AChE. Even so, organic acid-based NADES showed to be the best extractants producing extracts with considerable ability to inhibit enzymes. Twenty-four phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC-HRMS, being rosmarinic acid, ferulic acid and salvianolic acid B the major compounds. The results confirmed that the combination of UAE and NADES provide an excellent alternative to organic solvents for sustainable and green extraction, and have huge potential for use in industrial applications involving the extraction of bioactive compounds from plants.
- Environmental factors related to climate change alter the chemical composition and biological activity of lavandula viridis l’Hér essential oilPublication . Paixão Mansinhos, Inês Filipa; Gonçalves, Sandra; Rodríguez Solana, Raquel; Moreno-Rojas, José Manuel; Romano, AnabelaClimate change is affecting all regions of the world, and the Mediterranean region is one of the most affected. Plants accumulate secondary metabolites as an adaptive response to stress circumstances. The present study investigated the effect of different abiotic factor conditions (drought, moderate heat, severe heat, salinity, and UV-B radiation) on the essential oil (EO) yield, composition (volatile profile), and biological activity (enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activity) of Lavandula viridis L'Her. In general, the environmental conditions increased the extraction yield of EO. Eighty-two compounds were identified in the EO and environmental factors induced some quantitative changes in EO composition. Severe heat and salinity conditions increased the concentration of the two most abundant compounds, 1,8-cineole and camphor. Severe heat also increased the potential of EO to inhibit the enzymes butyrylcholinesterase and tyrosinase. Drought, salinity, and UV-B radiation promoted the ability of EO to inhibit acetylcholinesterase. In addition, heat and drought enhanced the antioxidant activity of EO. These results are relevant for exploring the potential of this EO for industrial applications, although future studies combining the factors studied are important to understand the influence of synergistic effects on the composition and bioactivity of the plant products obtained.
- Phytochemical characterization and bioactivity of extracts from different fruit parts of opuntia leucotricha DC.: a comparison between a conventional organic solvent and green natural deep eutectic solventsPublication . Hamdoun, Ouafaa; Gonçalves, Sandra; Paixão Mansinhos, Inês Filipa; Rodríguez Solana, Raquel; Pereira-Caro, Gema; Moreno-Rojas, José Manuel; El Kbiach, Mohammed L’bachir; El Bouzdoudi, Brahim; Romano, AnabelaThe objective of this study was to analyze the chemical profile of extracts from different fruit parts of the perennial arborescent cactus Opuntia leucotricha by applying ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) and to evaluate their biological properties (antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory capacities). Extracts were obtained from the fruit pulp (without or with seeds), seeds, and peel by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) using the conventional solvent methanol 50% and two Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs) (glycerol:urea, 1:1 and citric acid:sorbitol, 1:2). A total of 33 compounds were identified, including phenolics, fatty acids, and others. Phenolic acids were the most abundant class of phenolics identified in all fruit parts, with the highest concentration observed in the methanol extracts from peel (593.02 mu g/gDW), followed by seed-containing pulp (69.03 mu g/gDW), pulp (57.83 mu g/gDW), and seeds (39.97 mu g/gDW). The second most effective extractant was NADES 1 (glycerol:urea, 1:1), which was also successful in extracting compounds with antioxidant capacity. Overall, the extracts demonstrated considerable enzyme inhibitory activities, with the greatest effects observed against alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. The results indicate that O. leucotricha fruits could be a promising source of bioactive compounds, and NADES a viable alternative to organic solvents for their industrial exploitation.
- Nutrient deficiency-induced stress improves skincare effects and phytochemical content of green extracts from lamiaceae in vitro culturesPublication . Paixão Mansinhos, Inês Filipa; Gonçalves, Sandra; Rodríguez Solana, Raquel; Pereira-Caro, Gema; Moreno-Rojas, José; Romano, AnabelaThe objective of this study was to investigate the impact of nutrient starvation on the growth, biochemical, metabolomic, and biological traits of Lavandula viridis L'H & eacute;r and Thymus lotocephalus G. L & oacute;pez and R. Morales in vitro cultures. In both species, a reduction in shoot growth and in the production of chlorophyll and carotenoids was observed in cultures grown under nutrient-deficient media (especially Fe and N) compared to those grown under control conditions. The highest levels of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation, two indicators of oxidative stress, were observed in L. viridis cultures grown under N deficiency and in T. lotocephalus under P and Fe limitation. The results demonstrated that nutrient deficiency led to a 72% and 62% increase in the quantified phenolic compounds in L. viridis and T. lotocephalus, respectively. The highest concentrations of the major compound in both species-rosmarinic acid-were observed in cultures grown under Mg-deficient (60.7 +/- 1.0 mg/gDW) and Fe-deficient (50.0 +/- 0.4 mg/gDW) conditions in L. viridis and T. lotocephalus, respectively. Furthermore, nutrient starvation enhanced the capacity of green extracts to inhibit three enzymes (tyrosinase, elastase, and hyaluronidase) associated with anti-aging and their antioxidant properties.