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Processo dual no consumo de álcool em jovens adultos: a memória de trabalho enquanto moderadora das associações implícitas
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Abstract(s)
O álcool é a substância psicoativa mais consumida a nível mundial, sendo este consumo significativamente acentuado nos jovens adultos. De acordo com o modelo do processo dual, a tomada de decisão face ao consumo de álcool resulta da interação entre dois sistemas: o sistema reflexivo (i.e., associações explícitas); e o sistema afetivo-automático (i.e., associações implícitas). A memória de trabalho (MT) pode moderar o efeito que as associações implícitas têm sobre o consumo de álcool e sobre as consequências desse consumo. Este estudo tem como finalidade avaliar o papel moderador da MT e também o contributo das associações explícitas e implícitas para o padrão de consumo de álcool e das consequências. Foram incluídos no nosso estudo 65 jovens adultos, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 25 anos de idade, e com um padrão de consumo de baixo risco. Os jovens adultos responderam a instrumentos de avaliação do padrão de consumo e das consequências do mesmo, das associações implícitas álcool-identidade, dos motivos de consumo e da memória de trabalho. Verificou-se que ambas as associações contribuem para o padrão de consumo de álcool e constatamos a importância do papel moderador da MT. Quando a capacidade de MT é menor, quanto mais favoráveis forem as associações implícitas em relação ao álcool, maior será o consumo de álcool e as consequências do mesmo. Com base nos nossos resultados concluímos que é essencial continuar a investigação sobre o papel moderador da MT no efeito que as associações implícitas têm sobre o consumo de álcool.
Alcohol is the most consumed psychoactive substance worldwide, and this consumption is significantly accentuated in young adults. According to the dual process model, decision making regarding alcohol consumption results from the interaction between two systems: the reflexive system (i.e., explicit associations); and the affective-automatic system (i.e., implicit associations). Working memory (WM) can moderate the effect that implicit associations have on alcohol consumption and the consequences of that consumption. This study aims to assess the moderating role of WM and also the contribution of explicit and implicit associations to the pattern of alcohol consumption and the consequences. 65 young adults were included in our study, aged between 18 and 25 years old, and with a low risk consumption pattern. Young adults responded to instruments for assessing the pattern of consumption and its consequences, implicit alcohol-identity associations, motives for consumption and working memory. It was found that both associations contribute to the pattern of alcohol consumption and we note the importance of the moderating role of WM. When the capacity of WM is lower, the more favorable the implicit associations are in relation to alcohol, the greater the consumption of alcohol and the consequences of this consumption. Based on our results, we conclude that it is essential to continue research on the moderating role of WM in the effect that implicit associations have on alcohol consumption.
Alcohol is the most consumed psychoactive substance worldwide, and this consumption is significantly accentuated in young adults. According to the dual process model, decision making regarding alcohol consumption results from the interaction between two systems: the reflexive system (i.e., explicit associations); and the affective-automatic system (i.e., implicit associations). Working memory (WM) can moderate the effect that implicit associations have on alcohol consumption and the consequences of that consumption. This study aims to assess the moderating role of WM and also the contribution of explicit and implicit associations to the pattern of alcohol consumption and the consequences. 65 young adults were included in our study, aged between 18 and 25 years old, and with a low risk consumption pattern. Young adults responded to instruments for assessing the pattern of consumption and its consequences, implicit alcohol-identity associations, motives for consumption and working memory. It was found that both associations contribute to the pattern of alcohol consumption and we note the importance of the moderating role of WM. When the capacity of WM is lower, the more favorable the implicit associations are in relation to alcohol, the greater the consumption of alcohol and the consequences of this consumption. Based on our results, we conclude that it is essential to continue research on the moderating role of WM in the effect that implicit associations have on alcohol consumption.
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Keywords
Consumo de álcool Jovens adultos Processo dual Motivos Memória de trabalho