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Análise teórico-prática da eficiência de painéis solares híbridos
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| 3.55 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
Esta investigação, realizada no âmbito da dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica – Energia, Climatização e Refrigeração, pretende realizar uma Análise Teórico-Prática do Rendimento de Painéis Solares Híbridos.
Como tal e sendo de grande importância afirmar, a vida na terra não se proporcionaria sem a existência do Sol, a radiação solar que é emitida permite a realização da fotossíntese nas plantas e consequente produção de oxigénio.
Nos dias que correm ainda não é possível depender somente da energia solar, contudo, o ser humano tem vindo a investigar diferentes formas de captar o máximo de energia emitida pelo Sol. No mercado mundial e com as novas tecnologias, já existem formas altamente comercializadas para a produção de energia elétrica, através dos painéis fotovoltaicos e energia térmica, através dos coletores solares térmicos.
Apesar do empreendedorismo nesta área, tem vindo a ser desenvolvida uma nova tecnologia híbrida, que passa por produzir quer energia elétrica, quer energia térmica no mesmo painel. Face a esta realidade, este trabalho surge com a finalidade de ter como base o estudo desta tecnologia, onde se realizará uma análise comparativa face a outras soluções.
Procedeu-se à modelação, numa folha de cálculo Excel, da radiação solar, desempenho fotovoltaico e térmico de painéis solares, com o auxílio de programação em Visual Basic. Para validar o modelo de previsão, foram efetuados testes práticos com o produto.
Foram efetuadas simulações considerando vários perfis de consumo, sendo que para uma habitação com a tipologia T2, conclui-se que a o número ideal de painéis PVT é 2, e apresentam um tempo de retorno de 6 anos, no entanto uma solução composta por 1 painel térmico e 5 painéis fotovoltaicos apresenta um tempo de retorno de 5,5 anos e melhor VAL.
A escolha da opção híbrida pode ter a vantagem de utilizar uma área mais reduzida.
Para além disso, a utilização de painéis híbridos tem maior interesse quando aplicada em soluções de baixa temperatura como seja o caso do aquecimento de piscinas ou piso radiante por exemplo.
This research, undertaken as part of the Master's thesis in Mechanical Engineering - Energy, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration aims to perform a Theoretical-Practical Analysis of the Yield of Hybrid Solar Panels. As such and being of great importance to affirm, life on earth would not be provided without the existence of the Sun, the solar radiation that is emitted allows the realization of photosynthesis in plants and consequent oxygen production. These days it is not yet possible to depend only on this energy source, however, the human being has been investigating different ways to capture the maximum solar energy emitted by the Sun. In the world market and with new technologies, there are already highly commercialized forms to produce electricity, through photovoltaic panels and thermal energy, through solar thermal collectors. Despite the undertaken in this area, a new hybrid technology has been developed, which would produce both electricity and thermal energy in the same panel. In view of this reality, this study arises with the purpose of having as its basis the study of this recent technology, where a comparative analysis will be carried out against other solutions. The solar radiation, photovoltaic, and thermal performance of solar panels were modeled using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, aided by Visual Basic programming. To validate the forecast model, practical tests were conducted with the product. Simulations were conducted considering various consumption profiles, and for a dwelling with a T2 typology, it was concluded that the ideal number of PVT panels is 2, with a payback period of 6 years. However, a solution composed of 1 thermal panel and 5 photovoltaic panels has a payback period of 5.5 years and a better NPV. The choice of the hybrid option may have the advantage of using a smaller area. Furthermore, the use of hybrid panels is of greater interest when applied in low-temperature solutions such as heating swimming pools or radiant floor heating, for example.
This research, undertaken as part of the Master's thesis in Mechanical Engineering - Energy, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration aims to perform a Theoretical-Practical Analysis of the Yield of Hybrid Solar Panels. As such and being of great importance to affirm, life on earth would not be provided without the existence of the Sun, the solar radiation that is emitted allows the realization of photosynthesis in plants and consequent oxygen production. These days it is not yet possible to depend only on this energy source, however, the human being has been investigating different ways to capture the maximum solar energy emitted by the Sun. In the world market and with new technologies, there are already highly commercialized forms to produce electricity, through photovoltaic panels and thermal energy, through solar thermal collectors. Despite the undertaken in this area, a new hybrid technology has been developed, which would produce both electricity and thermal energy in the same panel. In view of this reality, this study arises with the purpose of having as its basis the study of this recent technology, where a comparative analysis will be carried out against other solutions. The solar radiation, photovoltaic, and thermal performance of solar panels were modeled using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, aided by Visual Basic programming. To validate the forecast model, practical tests were conducted with the product. Simulations were conducted considering various consumption profiles, and for a dwelling with a T2 typology, it was concluded that the ideal number of PVT panels is 2, with a payback period of 6 years. However, a solution composed of 1 thermal panel and 5 photovoltaic panels has a payback period of 5.5 years and a better NPV. The choice of the hybrid option may have the advantage of using a smaller area. Furthermore, the use of hybrid panels is of greater interest when applied in low-temperature solutions such as heating swimming pools or radiant floor heating, for example.
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Keywords
Energia solar Solar térmico Fotovoltaico Painel híbrido Modelação solar