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The dinoflagellate genus Gambierdiscus was detected for the first time in the Azores Archipelago, representing itsnorthernmost record to date (> 39 N). Two strains were isolated from macroalgal substrates on Corvo and FaialIslands during the summer of 2024, coinciding with a marine heatwave in which sea-surface temperatureanomalies exceeded +2 C. Morphological and molecular analyses identified both isolates as Gambierdiscus car-olinianus, extending further North the known range of this genus in the Atlantic and complementing previousrecords from other Macaronesian archipelagos. The Azorean isolate from Corvo clustered more closely withwestern Atlantic populations than with Madeira or the Canary Islands strains, suggesting long-range connectiv-ity potentially driven by oceanographic processes. Although no ciguatera poisoning (CP) cases have beenreported in the Azores, the occurrence of Gambierdiscus highlights the need for sustained monitoring and ecological assessments to evaluate the risk of CP emergence in this remote temperate archipelago under shiftingenvironmental conditions.
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Wiley