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A empatia e a (in)sensibilidade ao sofrimento
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Abstract(s)
De acordo com a literatura consultada, são escassos e mistos os estudos que testam
a sensibilidade ao sofrimento do outro com recurso a medidas implícitas (visualização ou
audição de estímulos violentos com registo psicofisiológico). O uso destas medidas
parece ganhar especial destaque no estudo da empatia ao constituir-se um complemento
importante aos instrumentos de autorrelato. Neste contexto, tivemos como objetivo
avaliar a reação psicofisiológica face à exposição a estímulos violentos e perceber
também se a empatia se associava a diferentes níveis de intensidade da resposta emocional
face a esses mesmos estímulos. Para o efeito, foram avaliados 35 estudantes universitários
(25 mulheres e 10 homens), com idades entre os 18 e os 40 anos, quanto ao seu nível de
empatia (IRI; Limpo, Alvez, & Castro, 2010) e expostos a duas tarefas experimentais
(auditiva e visual). No final, foi utilizado o Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) (Yang et al.,
2018), como forma de avaliar a reação explícita emocional. Os nossos principais
resultados sugerem um aumento de intensidade emocional face aos estímulos violentos,
de forma mais marcada na tarefa auditiva. Observámos também que a empatia se associa
a uma maior sensibilidade (expressa pelas medidas explícitas e implícitas) às situações
de violência
According to the literature consulted, there are few and mixed studies that test the sensitivity to suffering of the other with the use of implicit measures (visualization or hearing of violent stimuli with psychophysiological register). The use of these measures seems to gain special prominence in the study of empathy by constituting an important complement to self-report instruments. In this context, our goal was to evaluate the psychophysiological reaction to the exposure to violent stimuli and also to understand whether empathy was associated with different levels of intensity of the emotional response to these same stimuli. For this purpose, 35 university students (25 women and 10 men), aged between 18 and 40 years, were evaluated regarding their level of empathy (IRI; Limpo, Alvez, & Castro, 2010) and exposed to two experimental tasks (one auditory and the other visual). In the end, the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) (Yang et al., 2018) was used as a way to evaluate the explicit emotional reaction. Our main results suggest an increase in emotional intensity in the face of violent stimuli, more markedly in the auditory task. We also observed that empathy is associated with a greater sensitivity (expressed by explicit and implicit measures) to situations of violence.
According to the literature consulted, there are few and mixed studies that test the sensitivity to suffering of the other with the use of implicit measures (visualization or hearing of violent stimuli with psychophysiological register). The use of these measures seems to gain special prominence in the study of empathy by constituting an important complement to self-report instruments. In this context, our goal was to evaluate the psychophysiological reaction to the exposure to violent stimuli and also to understand whether empathy was associated with different levels of intensity of the emotional response to these same stimuli. For this purpose, 35 university students (25 women and 10 men), aged between 18 and 40 years, were evaluated regarding their level of empathy (IRI; Limpo, Alvez, & Castro, 2010) and exposed to two experimental tasks (one auditory and the other visual). In the end, the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) (Yang et al., 2018) was used as a way to evaluate the explicit emotional reaction. Our main results suggest an increase in emotional intensity in the face of violent stimuli, more markedly in the auditory task. We also observed that empathy is associated with a greater sensitivity (expressed by explicit and implicit measures) to situations of violence.
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Keywords
Empatia (In)sensibilidade ao sofrimento Regulação emocional Reatividade psicofisiológica