Loading...
Publication
Avaliação da aplicação de diferentes wetting agents em relvados
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.35 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A aplicação de wetting agents (WA) nos greens dos campos de golfe é feita com a intenção de diminuir a hidrofobicidade do solo. Porém, os efeitos são diversos e afetados por vários fatores, tais como as práticas culturais realizadas e pelas condições climáticas. De forma a se perceber os efeitos da aplicação de WA realizou-se um estudo de campo onde foram avaliados, com recurso a metodologias de deteção de proximidade e remota, o teor de humidade do solo, a condutividade elétrica (CE) do solo, a firmeza do green, a cor e qualidade do relvado, a dispersão do orvalho e a taxa de infiltração da água. Foram avaliados seis WA em oito tratamentos num green com Agrostis stolonifera, num campo de golfe no Algarve. Um dos WA foi sujeito a duas frequências de aplicação e um tratamento não teve aplicação de WA. Em agosto promoveu-se um stress hídrico para avaliar o efeito dos WA. Simultaneamente foi aplicado um questionário aos greenkeepers portugueses para avaliar o grau de utilização e o conhecimento sobre os WA. Os resultados mostraram que o teor de humidade do solo variou em função da profundidade e do produto utilizado. Dois WA aumentaram ligeiramente a CE (TS e TS*56d). Observou-se que alguns WA são efetivos na dispersão do orvalho durante um período de uma semana. A cor, a firmeza e a qualidade do relvado não foram afetados pela aplicação dos WA. A taxa de infiltração não apresentou diferenças significativas, porém em agosto foi notório o efeito dos tratamentos TS, TS*56d e Q em re-humedecerem o solo. O resultado do questionário demonstrou que os greenkeepers conhecem e valorizam os efeitos dos WA. Ainda que todos os inqueridos aplicam WA e monitorizam os efeitos dos WA, a qualidade e quantidade de técnicas de monitorização dos efeitos produzidos pelos WA pode ser melhorada.
The application of wetting agents (WA) on the greens of golf courses is done with the purpose to reduce soil hydrophobicity. However, the effects are diverse and affected by several factors, such as the cultural practices carried out and the climatic conditions. To understand the effects of the application of WA, a field study, using proximity and remote detection methodologies, was carried out to evaluate the soil water content, the electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil, the firmness of the green, the color and quality of the lawn, the dew dispersion, and the water infiltration rate. Six WA were evaluated in eight treatments on a green with Agrostis stolonifera, on a golf course in the Algarve. One of the WA was subject to two application frequencies and one treatment had no WA application. In August, a water stress was performed to evaluate the effect of WA. Simultaneously, a questionnaire was applied to Portuguese greenkeepers to assess the degree of use and knowledge of WA. The results showed that the soil water content varied depending on the depth and the product used. Two WA slightly increased EC (TS and TS*56d). It was observed that some WA are effective in dispersing the dew over a period of one week. The color, firmness and quality of the turf were not affected by the application of WA. The infiltration rate did not present significant differences, but in August the effect of the TS, TS*56d and Q treatments in re-wetting the soil was notorious. The result of the questionnaire showed that greenkeepers know and value the effects of WA. Although all respondents apply WA and monitor the effects of WA, however, the quality and quantity of techniques for monitoring the effects produced by WA can be improved.
The application of wetting agents (WA) on the greens of golf courses is done with the purpose to reduce soil hydrophobicity. However, the effects are diverse and affected by several factors, such as the cultural practices carried out and the climatic conditions. To understand the effects of the application of WA, a field study, using proximity and remote detection methodologies, was carried out to evaluate the soil water content, the electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil, the firmness of the green, the color and quality of the lawn, the dew dispersion, and the water infiltration rate. Six WA were evaluated in eight treatments on a green with Agrostis stolonifera, on a golf course in the Algarve. One of the WA was subject to two application frequencies and one treatment had no WA application. In August, a water stress was performed to evaluate the effect of WA. Simultaneously, a questionnaire was applied to Portuguese greenkeepers to assess the degree of use and knowledge of WA. The results showed that the soil water content varied depending on the depth and the product used. Two WA slightly increased EC (TS and TS*56d). It was observed that some WA are effective in dispersing the dew over a period of one week. The color, firmness and quality of the turf were not affected by the application of WA. The infiltration rate did not present significant differences, but in August the effect of the TS, TS*56d and Q treatments in re-wetting the soil was notorious. The result of the questionnaire showed that greenkeepers know and value the effects of WA. Although all respondents apply WA and monitor the effects of WA, however, the quality and quantity of techniques for monitoring the effects produced by WA can be improved.
Description
Keywords
Dispersão de orvalho Firmeza Greens Hidrofobicidade NDVI Teor de humidade do solo