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As cognições perfecionistas na perceção de stresse: um estudo com adultos portugueses
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Abstract(s)
O perfecionismo tem despoletado um interesse crescente no campo da Psicologia. Considerado como um traço de personalidade multidimensional, o perfecionismo incorpora, na sua concetualização, características comportamentais e cognitivas. As cognições perfecionistas são pensamentos automáticos sobre a necessidade de ser perfeito, que acompanham os indivíduos com elevados níveis de perfecionismo. O aumento da investigação no âmbito deste construto deve-se à sua forte relação com doença mental. Apesar da literatura neste domínio parecer suportar o modelo de vulnerabilidade ao stresse, os estudos que integram a componente cognitiva do perfecionismo na perceção de stresse são pouco conclusivos. A presente investigação tem como principal objetivo compreender a relação entre as diferentes componentes do perfecionismo (comportamental e cognitiva) e a perceção de stresse, numa amostra de 213 adultos portugueses, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 62 anos (M = 34.07, DP = 12.04). Os participantes responderam a um protocolo de avaliação online que integrou duas subescalas da Escala Multidimensional de Perfecionismo de Hewitt e Flett (Perfecionismo Auto-orientado - PAO e Perfecionismo Socialmente Prescrito – PSP), o Inventário de Cognições Perfecionistas (PCI) e a Escala de Perceção de Stresse (EPS). Foi possível observar que a dimensão comportamental (PAO e PSP) do perfecionismo surge associada significativamente às cognições perfecionistas, assim como à perceção de stresse. Verificou-se que as cognições perfecionistas desempenham um papel mediador total na relação entre o PAO e a perceção de stresse. Os resultados sublinham a tendência dos indivíduos perfecionistas para experienciar pensamentos automáticos que refletem temas de perfecionismo e sugerem que, na presença de cognições perfecionistas, os indivíduos com níveis mais elevados de perfecionismo auto-orientado experienciam mais situações de stresse. Estes resultados parecem salientar a pertinência do estudo do perfecionismo através de uma abordagem mais cognitiva.
Perfectionism has aroused a growing interest in the field of Psychology. Considered as a multidimensional personality trait, perfectionism incorporates, in its conception, behavioral and cognitive characteristics. Perfectionistic cognitions are automatic thoughts regarding the need to be perfect, which are associated with individuals with high levels of perfectionism. The increase in research concerning this construct is due to its strong relationship with mental illness. Although the literature in this field seems to support the model of vulnerability to stress, the studies that take into consideration the cognitive component of perfectionism in the perception of stress are inconclusive. The main goal of this research is to understand the relationship between the different components of perfectionism (behavioral and cognitive) and the perception of stress in a sample of 213 Portuguese adults, aged between 18 and 62 years (M = 34.07, SD = 12.04). Participants answered to an online evaluation protocol that included two subscales of the Hewitt and Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Self-oriented Perfectionism - PAO and Socially Prescribed Perfectionism - PSP), The Perfectionism Cognition Inventory (PCI) and the Stress Perception Scale (EPS). It was possible to observe that the behavioral dimension (PAO and PSP) of perfectionism is significantly associated with perfectionistic cognitions, as well as with the perception of stress. It was found that perfectionistic cognitions play a total mediating role in the relationship between PAO and stress perception. The results highlight the tendency of perfectionistic individuals to experience automatic thoughts that reflect themes of perfectionism and suggest that, in the presence of perfectionist cognitions, individuals with higher levels of self-oriented perfectionism experience more stress situations. These results seem to emphasize the relevance of the study of perfectionism through a more cognitive approach.
Perfectionism has aroused a growing interest in the field of Psychology. Considered as a multidimensional personality trait, perfectionism incorporates, in its conception, behavioral and cognitive characteristics. Perfectionistic cognitions are automatic thoughts regarding the need to be perfect, which are associated with individuals with high levels of perfectionism. The increase in research concerning this construct is due to its strong relationship with mental illness. Although the literature in this field seems to support the model of vulnerability to stress, the studies that take into consideration the cognitive component of perfectionism in the perception of stress are inconclusive. The main goal of this research is to understand the relationship between the different components of perfectionism (behavioral and cognitive) and the perception of stress in a sample of 213 Portuguese adults, aged between 18 and 62 years (M = 34.07, SD = 12.04). Participants answered to an online evaluation protocol that included two subscales of the Hewitt and Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Self-oriented Perfectionism - PAO and Socially Prescribed Perfectionism - PSP), The Perfectionism Cognition Inventory (PCI) and the Stress Perception Scale (EPS). It was possible to observe that the behavioral dimension (PAO and PSP) of perfectionism is significantly associated with perfectionistic cognitions, as well as with the perception of stress. It was found that perfectionistic cognitions play a total mediating role in the relationship between PAO and stress perception. The results highlight the tendency of perfectionistic individuals to experience automatic thoughts that reflect themes of perfectionism and suggest that, in the presence of perfectionist cognitions, individuals with higher levels of self-oriented perfectionism experience more stress situations. These results seem to emphasize the relevance of the study of perfectionism through a more cognitive approach.
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Keywords
Perfecionismo Cognições perfecionistas Perceção do stresse Perfecionismo auto-orientado Perfecionismo socialmente prescrito.