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A inteligência emocional e o otimismo como fatores protetores da ideação suicida
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Face ao elevado número de problemas de saúde mental e comportamentos
suicidários em jovens universitários torna-se necessário intervenções que fomentem a
prevenção da ideação suicida e promovam a sua saúde mental. A literatura temática temse
focado nos fatores de risco, porém torna-se também pertinente um investimento nos
fatores protetores que aumentem a capacidade de superarem adversidades, ajudando a
prevenir o surgimento de cognições e comportamentos desadaptativos. Dois desses
fatores protetores, que serão abordados na presente investigação, são o otimismo e a
inteligência emocional.
Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o papel protetor que o otimismo e a
inteligência emocional poderão ter na ideação suicida e avaliar a eficácia de um programa
de promoção do bem-estar psicológico nos níveis de otimismo nos estudantes
universitários.
Para a primeira fase – estudo descritivo-correlacional – foi utilizada uma amostra
total constituída por 217 alunos do ensino superior, com uma média de 21.15 (DP = 2.96)
(18-35 anos). Para a segunda fase – estudo quasi-experimental – foi utilizada uma amostra
de 20 alunos, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 35 anos, uniformemente
divididos entre o grupo de intervenção (M = 20.70, DP = 3.37) e o grupo de controlo (M
= 20.90, DP = 1.97). Em ambos os estudos, os participantes preencheram instrumentos
que avaliavam a inteligência emocional, o otimismo e a ideação suicida.
Os resultados indicam que a inteligência emocional e o otimismo se relacionam
de forma negativa e significativa com a ideação suicida. Verificou-se também que a
relação entre o otimismo e a ideação suicida é parcialmente mediada pela inteligência
emocional. Foi ainda possível comprovar a eficácia do programa no aumento dos níveis
de otimismo, tendo-se verificado diferenças significativas no grupo de intervenção entre
o Momento pré e pós-intervenção.
Conclui-se que a inteligência emocional e o otimismo poderão ser considerados
como bons protetores no surgimento da ideação suicida, sendo necessário uma aposta na
implementação de programas em contexto universitário, articulando vários fatores
protetores de forma a promover a saúde mental.
Given the high numbers of mental health problems and suicidal behaviors in young university students it is necessary the existence of interventions that encourage the prevention of suicidal ideation and promote mental health of these young adults. Thematic literature has focused on risk factors, however it is also pertinent to invest in protective factors that increase the ability to overcome adversities, helping to prevent the emergence of maladaptive cognitions and behaviors. Two of these protective factors, that will be addressed in the present investigation, are optimism and emotional intelligence. This study aimed to evaluate the protective role that optimism and emotional intelligence may have in suicidal ideation and evaluate the efficacy of a psychological well-being program on optimism levels in university students. For the first phase – exploratory study – it was used a total sample constituted of 217 university students, with a mean of 21.15 (SD = 2.96) (18 to 35 years old). For the second phase of the study – quasi-experimental study – it was used a sample of 20 students, with ages ranging from 18 to 35 years old, evenly slip between the intervention group (M = 20.70, SD = 3.37) and the control group (M = 20.90, SD = 1.97). In both studies the participants filled the instruments that evaluated emotional intelligence, optimism, and suicide ideation. The results indicate that emotional intelligence and optimism are related in a negative and significant way with suicidal ideation. It was found that the relationship between optimism and suicidal ideation is partially mediated by emotional intelligence. It was also possible to prove the effectiveness of the program in increasing levels of optimism, with significant differences being noticeable in the intervention group between the pre- and the post-intervention moments. With this, it is concluded that emotional intelligence and optimism can be considered good protectors in the emergence of suicidal ideation, making it necessary to invest in the implementation of programs in the university context focusing, articulating several protective factors to promote mental health.
Given the high numbers of mental health problems and suicidal behaviors in young university students it is necessary the existence of interventions that encourage the prevention of suicidal ideation and promote mental health of these young adults. Thematic literature has focused on risk factors, however it is also pertinent to invest in protective factors that increase the ability to overcome adversities, helping to prevent the emergence of maladaptive cognitions and behaviors. Two of these protective factors, that will be addressed in the present investigation, are optimism and emotional intelligence. This study aimed to evaluate the protective role that optimism and emotional intelligence may have in suicidal ideation and evaluate the efficacy of a psychological well-being program on optimism levels in university students. For the first phase – exploratory study – it was used a total sample constituted of 217 university students, with a mean of 21.15 (SD = 2.96) (18 to 35 years old). For the second phase of the study – quasi-experimental study – it was used a sample of 20 students, with ages ranging from 18 to 35 years old, evenly slip between the intervention group (M = 20.70, SD = 3.37) and the control group (M = 20.90, SD = 1.97). In both studies the participants filled the instruments that evaluated emotional intelligence, optimism, and suicide ideation. The results indicate that emotional intelligence and optimism are related in a negative and significant way with suicidal ideation. It was found that the relationship between optimism and suicidal ideation is partially mediated by emotional intelligence. It was also possible to prove the effectiveness of the program in increasing levels of optimism, with significant differences being noticeable in the intervention group between the pre- and the post-intervention moments. With this, it is concluded that emotional intelligence and optimism can be considered good protectors in the emergence of suicidal ideation, making it necessary to invest in the implementation of programs in the university context focusing, articulating several protective factors to promote mental health.
Description
Keywords
Ideação suicida Estudantes universitários Otimismo Inteligência emocional