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Publication
Antibioterapia das infeções por pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Abstract(s)
Bactérias e infeções bacterianas não são algo recente, mas só foi possível começar a dar a volta ao paradigma com o aparecimento dos antibióticos, que se tornaram uma das descobertas científicas mais importantes do século XX.
A Pseudomonas aeruginosa é uma bactéria Gram-negativa, associada a infeções nosocomiais, que apresenta uma grande capacidade de desenvolver resistência aos antibióticos.
As infeções nosocomiais mais comuns, no que diz respeito a esta bactéria, são infeções respiratórias, urinárias, da pele e dos tecidos moles e intra-abdominais. Refere-se que utentes imunocomprometidos, com fibrose quística ou queimaduras são mais suscetíveis a infeções.
Existem diversos antibióticos passíveis de serem escolhidos para tratar as infeções, seja em regime de monoterapia ou terapia combinada. Dos fármacos utilizados na antibioterapia, destacam-se a piperacilina/tazobactam, a ceftazidima, a cefepima, o aztreonam, o meropenem, o imipenem/cilastatina, a gentamicina, a amicacina, a ciprofloxacina, a levofloxacina, o ceftolozano/tazobactam e a ceftazidima/avibactam.
A pesquisa e desenvolvimento de novos antibióticos é fundamental para tratar infeções bacterianas, uma vez que cada vez mais as bactérias são resistentes aos fármacos já desenvolvidos.
A eficácia da antibioterapia para as infeções causadas pela P. aeruginosa está relacionada diretamente com o uso responsável dos antibióticos e a adoção de medidas preventivas e de controlo de infeção, como a higienização das mãos. Tudo isto pode refletir-se também numa diminuição positiva de resistências aos antimicrobianos, um verdadeiro problema de saúde pública.
Para que tudo isto seja possível, a ação de equipas multidisciplinares é muito importante, e nelas a presença do farmacêutico pode fazer toda a diferença, uma vez que é o especialista do medicamento.
Bacteria and bacterial infections are not something new, but it was only possible to start changing the paradigm with the appearance of antibiotics, which became one of the most important scientific discoveries of the 20th century. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium, associated with nosocomial infections, which has a great capacity to develop resistance to antibiotics. The most common nosocomial infections, regarding this bacterium, are respiratory, urinary, skin, and soft tissue and intra-abdominal infections. It should be noted that immunocompromised patients, those with cystic fibrosis or burns are more susceptible to infections. There are several antibiotics that can be chosen to treat infections, whether as monotherapy or combined therapy. Of the drugs used in antibiotherapy, piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, aztreonam, meropenem, imipenem/cilastatin, gentamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ceftolozane/tazobactam and ceftazidime/avibactam should be highlighted. The research and development of new antibiotics is essential to treat bacterial infections, as bacteria are increasingly resistant to drugs already developed. The effectiveness of antibiotic therapy for infections caused by P. aeruginosa is directly related to the responsible use of antibiotics and the adoption of preventive and infection control measures, such as hand hygiene. All of this can also be reflected in a positive reduction in resistance to antimicrobials, a real public health problem. For all this to be possible, the action of multidisciplinary teams is very important, and the presence of the pharmacist in them can make all the difference, as he is the medicinal product specialist
Bacteria and bacterial infections are not something new, but it was only possible to start changing the paradigm with the appearance of antibiotics, which became one of the most important scientific discoveries of the 20th century. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium, associated with nosocomial infections, which has a great capacity to develop resistance to antibiotics. The most common nosocomial infections, regarding this bacterium, are respiratory, urinary, skin, and soft tissue and intra-abdominal infections. It should be noted that immunocompromised patients, those with cystic fibrosis or burns are more susceptible to infections. There are several antibiotics that can be chosen to treat infections, whether as monotherapy or combined therapy. Of the drugs used in antibiotherapy, piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, aztreonam, meropenem, imipenem/cilastatin, gentamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ceftolozane/tazobactam and ceftazidime/avibactam should be highlighted. The research and development of new antibiotics is essential to treat bacterial infections, as bacteria are increasingly resistant to drugs already developed. The effectiveness of antibiotic therapy for infections caused by P. aeruginosa is directly related to the responsible use of antibiotics and the adoption of preventive and infection control measures, such as hand hygiene. All of this can also be reflected in a positive reduction in resistance to antimicrobials, a real public health problem. For all this to be possible, the action of multidisciplinary teams is very important, and the presence of the pharmacist in them can make all the difference, as he is the medicinal product specialist
Description
Keywords
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infeção Antibioterapia Resistência antimicrobiana Profilaxia e controlo da infeção Farmacêutico