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A importância das atividades práticas de Ciências Naturais no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem de alunos do 2.º ciclo do ensino básico: o caso das trocas nutricionais entre o organismo e o meio, nas plantas
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Abstract(s)
O presente estudo decorreu durante a Prática de Ensino Supervisionada (PES), no decorrer do segundo ano do Mestrado em Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e de Matemática e Ciências Naturais no 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (CEB), com uma turma de 20 alunos do 6.º ano de escolaridade. O estudo que aqui se apresenta foi realizado no ano letivo 2020/2021, durante um período singular: a pandemia causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2.
Pretende-se, com este estudo, averiguar quais as competências que as atividades práticas e/ou experimentais, no âmbito da Educação em Ciências, permitem desenvolver nos alunos do 2.º CEB, em particular no que concerne à temática das trocas nutricionais entre o organismo e o meio, nas plantas. Para atingir este pressuposto, utilizou-se uma metodologia de cariz qualitativo, com orientação interpretativa e descritiva. De acordo com as questões de investigação e com os objetivos estabelecidos, os dados foram recolhidos através da observação participativa, do inquérito por questionário e do inquérito por entrevista, aos alunos participantes no estudo, bem como através de uma entrevista semiestruturada à professora cooperante. Também foi efetuada uma intervenção pedagógica com os alunos, tendo sido delineadas e realizadas três atividades práticas e/ou experimentais no decurso das aulas de Ciências Naturais.
A análise dos resultados obtidos permitiu perceber as inúmeras potencialidades do trabalho prático e/ou experimental, como recurso didático para a Educação em Ciências, tendo, as atividades implementadas, mostrado o envolvimento dos alunos, a aquisição de aprendizagens significativas e o desenvolvimento de outras competências científicas, tais como: aprimorar a linguagem científica; desenvolver atitudes positivas face à Ciência; incrementar a motivação nas aulas; promover o trabalho cooperativo; e, entre outras, fomentar o gosto pelas Ciências Naturais.
This study took place during the Supervised Teaching Practice, during the second year of the Master in Teaching of the 1st Cycle of Basic Education and of Mathematics and Natural Sciences in the 2nd Cycle of Basic Education (CEB), with a class of 20 students from the 6th year of schooling. The study presented here was carried out in the 2020/2021 school year, during a unique period: the pandemic caused by the SARS CoV-2 virus. The aim of this study is to investigate which skills practical and/or experimental activities within the scope of Science Education allow to develop in 2nd CEB students, in particular with regard to the theme of nutritional exchanges between the organism and the environment, in plants. To achieve this assumption, a qualitative methodology was used, with an interpretive and descriptive orientation. According to the research questions and the established objectives, data were collected through participatory observation, questionnaire inquiry and interview inquiry, to students participating in the study, as well as through a semi-structured interview with the cooperating teacher. A pedagogical intervention was also carried out with the students, with three practical and/or experimental activities being designed and carried out in the course of the Natural Sciences classes. The analysis of the results obtained allowed us to realize the numerous potentials of practical and/or experimental work, as a didactic resource for Science Education, with the activities implemented showing the involvement of students, the acquisition of significant learning and the development of other skills scientific, such as: improving the scientific language; develop positive attitudes towards Science; increase motivation in classes; promote cooperative work; and, among others, to encourage a taste for the Natural Sciences.
This study took place during the Supervised Teaching Practice, during the second year of the Master in Teaching of the 1st Cycle of Basic Education and of Mathematics and Natural Sciences in the 2nd Cycle of Basic Education (CEB), with a class of 20 students from the 6th year of schooling. The study presented here was carried out in the 2020/2021 school year, during a unique period: the pandemic caused by the SARS CoV-2 virus. The aim of this study is to investigate which skills practical and/or experimental activities within the scope of Science Education allow to develop in 2nd CEB students, in particular with regard to the theme of nutritional exchanges between the organism and the environment, in plants. To achieve this assumption, a qualitative methodology was used, with an interpretive and descriptive orientation. According to the research questions and the established objectives, data were collected through participatory observation, questionnaire inquiry and interview inquiry, to students participating in the study, as well as through a semi-structured interview with the cooperating teacher. A pedagogical intervention was also carried out with the students, with three practical and/or experimental activities being designed and carried out in the course of the Natural Sciences classes. The analysis of the results obtained allowed us to realize the numerous potentials of practical and/or experimental work, as a didactic resource for Science Education, with the activities implemented showing the involvement of students, the acquisition of significant learning and the development of other skills scientific, such as: improving the scientific language; develop positive attitudes towards Science; increase motivation in classes; promote cooperative work; and, among others, to encourage a taste for the Natural Sciences.
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Keywords
Educação em ciências Atividades práticas Ensino experimental das ciências 2.º ciclo do ensino básico.