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A Interação entre controlo inibitório e fluência deleitura no desempenho no teste de cores e palavras de stroop
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Abstract(s)
O desempenho no teste de Stroop parece envolver uma interação entre processos de leitura e de inibição executiva, uma vez que requere a supressão de uma resposta automática, irrelevante para a tarefa (leitura das palavras), para que possa ser dada a resposta pretendida, mas menos usual (nomeação de cores). Este desequilíbrio no automatismo das duas respostas parece dever-se ao extensivo treino da leitura, que se sobrepõe e interfere no comportamento menos corrente de nomear cores. Nesta perspetiva, indivíduos com processamento de leitura mais automatizado deveriam apresentar maior interferência e, consequentemente, um pior desempenho no teste de Stroop por não conseguirem impedir-se de ler. Contudo, a literatura científica mais recente tem reportado resultados empíricos que vão no sentido contrário a esta interpretação tradicional do efeito de Stroop.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar, em jovens adultos, o contributo das competências de leitura (fluência) para o desempenho no teste de Stroop e avaliar se esse contributo depende do controlo inibitório dos indivíduos. Setenta participantes com idades entre os 18 e os 30 anos foram avaliados através do Teste de Stroop, de provas de fluência de leitura e provas de controlo inibitório que não envolvessem processos de leitura.
Os resultados não corroboraram as evidências recentes sobre a relação entre competências de leitura (fluência) e interferência no teste de Stroop, pois a correlação obtida foi no sentido oposto ao esperado e parece favorecer a teoria da automaticidade da leitura.
No que respeita ao eventual papel moderador do controlo inibitório na relação Leitura-Stroop constatou-se que o desempenho no teste diminui em participantes com melhores pontuações na fluência de leitura; no entanto, a diminuição do desempenho no teste parece depender dos níveis de controlo inibitório, sendo especialmente marcada nos participantes com níveis elevados de controlo inibitório e atenuada nos indivíduos com baixos níveis de inibição.
The performance in this test seems to involve an interaction between the reading processes and the executive inhibition, because the subjects have to be able to suppress an automatic response, but irrelevant to the task (reading words), which induces conflict with the desired response, but the less usual (color naming). This imbalance in the automatism of the responses is due to an extensive practice of reading words that interfere with the relatively impractical behavior of naming colors. Therefore, individuals with a reading process more automatized should, in theory, show more interference and, consequently, perform worse on the Stroop task because they could not prevent themselves to read. However, the most recent scientific literature reported empirical results which goes against the traditional interpretation of Stroop effect. The present study aimed to characterize, in young adults, the contribution of reading skills (reading fluency) to Stroop Color and Word Test performance and examined if the contribution depends on inhibitory control individuals. Seventy subjects, between the age of 18-30 years old, were evaluated by Stroop Test, reading fluency tests and inhibitory control tests which do not involve reading processes. The results of the present study do not confirm previous evidence about the link between reading skills (fluency) and Stroop interference, because the correlation obtained was in the opposite direction to the expected correlation and seem to be in favor of the automaticity account. Regarding the possible moderating role of inhibitory control in the Reading-Stroop relationship confirmed that the Stroop performance reduces when subjects had a reading process more automatized; however, that reduction depends on the on inhibitory control: it is superior on subjects with high levels of inhibitory control and diminishes on individuals with low inhibitory control levels.
The performance in this test seems to involve an interaction between the reading processes and the executive inhibition, because the subjects have to be able to suppress an automatic response, but irrelevant to the task (reading words), which induces conflict with the desired response, but the less usual (color naming). This imbalance in the automatism of the responses is due to an extensive practice of reading words that interfere with the relatively impractical behavior of naming colors. Therefore, individuals with a reading process more automatized should, in theory, show more interference and, consequently, perform worse on the Stroop task because they could not prevent themselves to read. However, the most recent scientific literature reported empirical results which goes against the traditional interpretation of Stroop effect. The present study aimed to characterize, in young adults, the contribution of reading skills (reading fluency) to Stroop Color and Word Test performance and examined if the contribution depends on inhibitory control individuals. Seventy subjects, between the age of 18-30 years old, were evaluated by Stroop Test, reading fluency tests and inhibitory control tests which do not involve reading processes. The results of the present study do not confirm previous evidence about the link between reading skills (fluency) and Stroop interference, because the correlation obtained was in the opposite direction to the expected correlation and seem to be in favor of the automaticity account. Regarding the possible moderating role of inhibitory control in the Reading-Stroop relationship confirmed that the Stroop performance reduces when subjects had a reading process more automatized; however, that reduction depends on the on inhibitory control: it is superior on subjects with high levels of inhibitory control and diminishes on individuals with low inhibitory control levels.
Description
Keywords
Teste de stroop Controlo inibitório Fluência de leitura Teoria da automaticidade