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Perfeccionismo adaptativo e desadaptativo: diferentes estratégias de regulação emocional cognitiva numa amostra de estudantes universitários
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O perfecionismo é descrito por uma procura constante pela total ausência de erros e/ou falhas, pelo estabelecimento de padrões de desempenho elevados e excessiva autocrítica. Este construto tem sido associado a diversas perturbações físicas e psicológicas. Apesar de todo o suporte teórico e conceptual acerca do mesmo, a investigação face à relação da regulação emocional cognitiva (REC) e das cognições perfecionistas com o perfecionismo adaptativo e desadaptativo é ainda pouco conclusiva. Uma melhor compreensão do perfeccionismo pode facilitar o diagnóstico, a prevenção e o seu tratamento. O presente estudo procura clarificar a relação entre o perfeccionismo adaptativo e desadaptativo com as diferentes estratégias de regulação emocional cognitiva e ainda compreender a influencia das cognições perfeccionistas nessa relação. Participaram 70 estudantes universitários que responderam a um Questionário de Caracterização Sociodemográfica, às subescalas Perfeccionismo Auto-Orientado e Perfeccionismo Socialmente Prescrito da Escala Multidimensional de Perfecionismo (HMPS), ao Inventário de Cognições Perfecionistas (PCI), e ao Questionário de Regulação Emocional Cognitiva (CERQ). Os resultados obtidos permitiram observar que o perfeccionismo adaptativo e desadaptativo tendem a correlacionar-se com as estratégias de regulação emocional cognitivas desadaptativas e não com as adaptativas. As cognições perfecionistas demonstram ter um papel importante na manutenção do perfeccionismo, pois medeiam o efeito do perfeccionismo adaptativo e desadaptativo nas estratégias de regulação emocional cognitiva. Estes resultados sugerem que as cognições perfeccionistas desempenham um papel fundamental na regulação emocional nos estudantes universitários. Os perfeccionistas procuram manter cognições desadaptativas como a preocupação e/ou ruminação para evitar cometer falhas no futuro. Dada a relevância que o perfeccionismo tem na vida dos indivíduos é premente o desenvolvimento de intervenções que visem a redução das suas características desadaptativas.
Perfectionism is described as a constant search for the absence of errors and/or mistakes due to the establishment of high developmental patterns and excessive self-judgement. Perfectionism has been associated with several physical and psychological disorders. Despite all of theorical and conceptual support, the investigation between cognitive emotional regulation (CER) and perfectionist cognitions with adaptative and maladaptive perfectionism is still not conclusive. A better understanding of perfectionism can facilitate the diagnosis, prevention and its treatment. The present study seeks to clarify the relationship between adaptative and maladaptive perfectionism with the different cognitive emotional regulation strategies as well as, to understand the influence of perfectionist cognitions in this relationship. 70 university students participated in this study who answered a Sociodemographic Questionary, the Self Oriented Perfectionist (SOP) and Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP) subscales from the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (HMPS), the Perfectionist Cognition Inventory (PCI), and the Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionary (CERQ). The results suggest that the perfectionist cognitions have a fundamental role in the emotional regulation of university students. Perfectionists seek to maintain maladaptive cognitions such as worry and/or rumination in order to avoid making mistakes in the future. Taking into account the relevance that perfectionism has on individuals lives it is important to develop interventions that promote the reduction of maladaptive characteristics.
Perfectionism is described as a constant search for the absence of errors and/or mistakes due to the establishment of high developmental patterns and excessive self-judgement. Perfectionism has been associated with several physical and psychological disorders. Despite all of theorical and conceptual support, the investigation between cognitive emotional regulation (CER) and perfectionist cognitions with adaptative and maladaptive perfectionism is still not conclusive. A better understanding of perfectionism can facilitate the diagnosis, prevention and its treatment. The present study seeks to clarify the relationship between adaptative and maladaptive perfectionism with the different cognitive emotional regulation strategies as well as, to understand the influence of perfectionist cognitions in this relationship. 70 university students participated in this study who answered a Sociodemographic Questionary, the Self Oriented Perfectionist (SOP) and Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP) subscales from the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (HMPS), the Perfectionist Cognition Inventory (PCI), and the Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionary (CERQ). The results suggest that the perfectionist cognitions have a fundamental role in the emotional regulation of university students. Perfectionists seek to maintain maladaptive cognitions such as worry and/or rumination in order to avoid making mistakes in the future. Taking into account the relevance that perfectionism has on individuals lives it is important to develop interventions that promote the reduction of maladaptive characteristics.
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Keywords
Regulação emocional cognitiva Perfeccionismo Cognições perfecionistas Catastrofização Ruminação.