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Risco psicossocial e fatores de resiliência em adolescentes sob tutela do sistema socioeducativo do Distrito Federal (Brasil)
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Abstract(s)
No Brasil, o internamento socioeducativo de adolescentes é uma medida excecional (Brasil, 1990). Contudo, segundo dados do Sistema Socioeducativo do Distrito Federal, em 30/03/2020, 1832 adolescentes estavam vinculados a medidas socioeducativas em Meio Aberto, 110 à medida de Semiliberdade e 749 à medida de Internamento. O conhecimento científico específico sustenta que é desejável que essas medidas sejam aplicadas considerando a estreita relação existente entre o desenvolvimento do adolescente e seus sistemas de apoio socioemocional (fatores protetores e promotores da resiliência). O presente estudo analisou fatores de risco psicossocial, indicadores de psicopatologia e recursos de resiliência em 58 adolescentes brasileiros em situação de internamento provisório. Foram aplicados três instrumentos: Questionário de caracterização de risco psicossocial, Inventário de Sintomas Psicopatológicos e o California Healthy Kids Resilience Assessment Module. Os resultados demonstraram que os adolescentes da amostra apresentaram Índice de Sintomas Positivos acima do normativo (ISP = 1.85), remetendo para um estado de sofrimento psicológico. Entretanto, não houve diferenças significativas no valor do Índice Geral de Sintomas dos grupos internado e não internado (U = 226.500; p > .05). Ainda, foi evidenciado que quanto maior foi a perceção de resiliência, menor foi o índice de sintoma psicopatológico. Também ficou demonstrado que a presença de fatores de risco colaborou para o comportamento transgressor nestes adolescentes e que os recursos de resiliência tenderam a influenciar em 50% a sensação de bem-estar neles. Concluiu-se que a prevenção da infracionalidade implica obrigatoriamente a intervenção psicossocial nos contextos de risco social e o desenvolvimento de programas que tenham como finalidade fortalecer as competências emocionais e cognitivas dos adolescentes. Por fim, sinalizamos que é indispensável que o Brasil promova uma mudança socioestrutural, em que a sociedade assuma, de facto, a proteção das crianças e dos adolescentes, respeitando a sua condição de pessoa em desenvolvimento.
Adolescent socio-educational internment is stipulated as an exceptional measure in Brazil.. However, according to data provided by the Socio-educational System from Brazil’s capital, on 03/30/2020, 1832 adolescents were submited to socio-educational measures in an Open Environment, 110 were in compliance with the measure of Semiliberty and 749 are in confinement units. Specific scientific knowledge maintains that it is desirable that these measures be applied considering the close relationship between the adolescent's development and his socio-emotional support systems (protective and promoters of resilience). The present study analyzes the relationship between psychosocial risk factors, psychopathology indicators and resilience resources in 58 Brazilian adolescents in a situation of provisional internment. They have responded to three self-report instruments: Psychosocial risk characterization questionnaire, Psychopathological Symptoms Inventory and the California Healthy Kids Resilience Assessment Module. The results showed that adolescents in a situation of dissipative provisional internment Positive Symptom Index above the normative (ISP = 1.85), referring to a state of psychological suffering in the sample. However, there were no significant differences between the means of the General Symptom Index of the incarcerated and non-incarcerated groups (U = 226.500; p> .05). Also, it was shown that the higher the perception of resilience, the lower the Psychopathological Symptom Index. It was found that risk factors contributed to the adolescent's transgressive behavior and that resilience resources were enabled to be boosted by 50% at a time sense of well-being in them. It was concluded that the prevention of delinquecy must necessarily involve psychosocial intervention in contexts of social risk and also the development of programs that develop how to improve the emotional and cognitive skills of adolescents. Finally, we state that it is essential that Brazil promotes socio-structural change, in which a society, in fact, assumes the protection of children and adolescents, respecting their condition as a developing person.
Adolescent socio-educational internment is stipulated as an exceptional measure in Brazil.. However, according to data provided by the Socio-educational System from Brazil’s capital, on 03/30/2020, 1832 adolescents were submited to socio-educational measures in an Open Environment, 110 were in compliance with the measure of Semiliberty and 749 are in confinement units. Specific scientific knowledge maintains that it is desirable that these measures be applied considering the close relationship between the adolescent's development and his socio-emotional support systems (protective and promoters of resilience). The present study analyzes the relationship between psychosocial risk factors, psychopathology indicators and resilience resources in 58 Brazilian adolescents in a situation of provisional internment. They have responded to three self-report instruments: Psychosocial risk characterization questionnaire, Psychopathological Symptoms Inventory and the California Healthy Kids Resilience Assessment Module. The results showed that adolescents in a situation of dissipative provisional internment Positive Symptom Index above the normative (ISP = 1.85), referring to a state of psychological suffering in the sample. However, there were no significant differences between the means of the General Symptom Index of the incarcerated and non-incarcerated groups (U = 226.500; p> .05). Also, it was shown that the higher the perception of resilience, the lower the Psychopathological Symptom Index. It was found that risk factors contributed to the adolescent's transgressive behavior and that resilience resources were enabled to be boosted by 50% at a time sense of well-being in them. It was concluded that the prevention of delinquecy must necessarily involve psychosocial intervention in contexts of social risk and also the development of programs that develop how to improve the emotional and cognitive skills of adolescents. Finally, we state that it is essential that Brazil promotes socio-structural change, in which a society, in fact, assumes the protection of children and adolescents, respecting their condition as a developing person.
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Keywords
Psicopatologia na adolescência Resiliência Transgressão Sistema socioeducativo Bsi Hkram