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Propriedades antiproliferativas e potencial anticancerígeno de Geranium robertianum L.
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Abstract(s)
As plantas desde sempre têm sido uma fonte para os mais diversos fins, desde alimentação, vestuário, construção, aquecimento, venenos, mas também para prevenir e tratar algumas patologias. A procura de produtos naturais, quer sob a forma de plantas medicinais, fármacos vegetais, extractos, óleos, exsudados ou compostos isolados, purificados continuam a interessar às mais diversas indústrias, incluindo as alimentares e as farmacêuticas, para dar resposta não só às populações que pretendem abordagens mais naturais, mas também na procura de compostos com declarada evidência de eficácia mas seguros, nem que posteriormente tenham de ser submetidos a processos de hemi-síntese a fim de garantir a segurança sem perder a eficácia.
A exposição a inúmeros fatores de risco e as doenças emergentes que contribuem para as alterações metabólicas do organismo têm sido um problema de extrema preocupação na saúde pública e, por este motivo, é necessário proteger o sistema imunitário e erradicar as causas que contribuem para estas alterações endógenas.
G. robertianum L., ou “Erva-de-São-Roberto, ou “Red Robin em língua inglesa” é uma planta nativa da Europa Central e usada pelas civilizações mais antigas como remédio para diversos distúrbios patológicos, como anti-inflamatório, antioxidante, hemostático, antidiabético, antialérgico, anticancerígeno e diurético.
Nesta revisão bibliográfica avaliaram-se as propriedades antioxidante, anti-inflamatória e antiproliferativa uma vez que o cancro, sendo um conjunto de doenças que desencadeia uma serie de alterações endógenas, tem vindo a demonstrar uma incidência significativa, com alterações metabólicas ao nível de todos os órgãos.
As atividades biológicas desta espécie foram estudadas através da caracterização dos seus metabolitos secundários ativos através de ensaios de eliminação ou captura de espécies reativas, ensaios de inibição de marcadores pró-inflamatórios e, também, em ensaios de viabilidade celular e citotoxicidade em linhas de células cancerígenas.
Os metabolitos das várias partes da planta de G. robertianum foram extraídos por maceração, recorrendo a solventes aquosos e hidro-alcoólicos e identificados através de técnicas cromatográficas e espectrofotométricas, na maioria dos estudos. A sua composição química mais abundante em flavonoides, taninos hidrolisáveis e ácidos fenólicos revelou um potencial significante para as atividades biológicas, antioxidante, anti-inflamatória e antiproliferativa.
Plants have always been a source of interest for the most diverse purposes, both in terms of textils and food and for the treatment and prevention of various pathologies. The demand for natural products in their most varied forms, such as medicinal plants, phythoterapics, oils, exudates or even in their isolated or purified form, has been growing as the result of the emergence of various metabolic disorders inherent to lifestyle, habits, as well as exposure to pollutants and radiation. Exposure to numerous risk factors and the increase in emerging diseases has been a problem of extreme concern for public health and, therefore, it is necessary to protect the immune system and eradicate the causes that contribute to these endogenous alterations. G. robertianum L., or “Erva-de-São-Roberto in portuguese”, or “Red Robin”, is a plant native to Central Europe and used by ancient civilizations as a remedy for various pathological disorders, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, haemostatic, antidiabetic, antiallergic, anticancer and diuretic. As cancer is a disease which, in addition to showing a significant incidence, has manifested itself not only as one but several androgenic alterations which can affect all organs. For this reason, this bibliographical review focused on evaluating the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties. The biological activities of this species were studied through the characterization of its active secondary metabolites by means of reactive species elimination or capture assays, pro-inflammatory marker inhibition assays and in cell viability and cytotoxicity assays on cancer cell lines. In various studies, the most used methods and techniques for extracting and identifying metabolites from the various parts of the G. robertianum plant were maceration, using aqueous and hydro-alcoholic solvents, chromatography and spectrophotometry, respectively. Its chemical composition, rich in flavonoids, hydrolysable tannins and phenolic acids, has revealed significant potential for biological, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities.
Plants have always been a source of interest for the most diverse purposes, both in terms of textils and food and for the treatment and prevention of various pathologies. The demand for natural products in their most varied forms, such as medicinal plants, phythoterapics, oils, exudates or even in their isolated or purified form, has been growing as the result of the emergence of various metabolic disorders inherent to lifestyle, habits, as well as exposure to pollutants and radiation. Exposure to numerous risk factors and the increase in emerging diseases has been a problem of extreme concern for public health and, therefore, it is necessary to protect the immune system and eradicate the causes that contribute to these endogenous alterations. G. robertianum L., or “Erva-de-São-Roberto in portuguese”, or “Red Robin”, is a plant native to Central Europe and used by ancient civilizations as a remedy for various pathological disorders, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, haemostatic, antidiabetic, antiallergic, anticancer and diuretic. As cancer is a disease which, in addition to showing a significant incidence, has manifested itself not only as one but several androgenic alterations which can affect all organs. For this reason, this bibliographical review focused on evaluating the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties. The biological activities of this species were studied through the characterization of its active secondary metabolites by means of reactive species elimination or capture assays, pro-inflammatory marker inhibition assays and in cell viability and cytotoxicity assays on cancer cell lines. In various studies, the most used methods and techniques for extracting and identifying metabolites from the various parts of the G. robertianum plant were maceration, using aqueous and hydro-alcoholic solvents, chromatography and spectrophotometry, respectively. Its chemical composition, rich in flavonoids, hydrolysable tannins and phenolic acids, has revealed significant potential for biological, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities.
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Keywords
G.robertianum Cancro Antioxidante Polifenóis Anti-cancerígeno