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Gratidão e emoções positivas no estudo da depressão em jovens universitários
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Abstract(s)
A depressão é uma doença crónica que se mostra cada vez mais crescente na população universitária. Este aumento exponencial tem despertado interesse em diversas áreas da saúde, uma vez que esta patologia pode acarretar diversas consequências na vida do estudante. Considerando a elevada prevalência, como forma de atenuar o seu impacto negativo, surgiram estudos acerca da implementação de práticas de gratidão que têm vindo a ser associadas à diminuição da sintomatologia depressiva. O desenvolvimento desta virtude adquiriu particular interesse nos estudos da Psicologia Positiva, que apesar de já apresentarem resultados pertinentes ainda carece de um maior debate no que concerne ao estudo da gratidão na redução da sintomatologia quando aliada à emocionalidade positiva.
Este estudo teve dois objetivos principais: avaliar o papel da gratidão como fator protetor na depressão e, quais os benefícios da mesma quando associada fortemente à capacidade de experienciar emoções positivas e implementar e avaliar a eficácia de um programa de promoção de saúde mental e prevenção da depressão nos estudantes universitários.
O estudo exploratório envolveu a participação de 217 estudantes universitários, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 35 anos, dos quais 10 aceitaram participar voluntariamente numa intervenção de cinco semanas (estudo da eficácia). Todos os participantes responderam a um protocolo de avaliação online que incluía um questionário de avaliação sociodemográfica, O inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI-II), a Escala de Afeto Positivo e Negativo (PANAS), e o Questionário de Gratidão (GQ-6).
Os resultados do estudo exploratório, corroboram a literatura, confirmando a existência de uma relação entre a gratidão e os sintomas depressivos e também a mediação parcial das emoções positivas na relação entre as duas dimensões. Concluindo-se que os estudantes que apresentam níveis mais elevados de gratidão e emocionalidade positiva tem menor probabilidade de desenvolver sintomas depressivos.
Os resultados do programa de prevenção não demostraram um registo tão positivo quanto o desejável, não se verificando diferenças entre o grupo de intervenção e o grupo de controlo após a participação no programa.
Depression is a chronic illness that is increasingly increasing in the university population. This exponential increase has aroused interest in several areas of health, as this pathology can have several consequences on the student's life. Considering the high prevalence, as a way of mitigating its negative impact, studies have emerged on the implementation of gratitude practices that have been associated with a reduction in depressive symptoms. The development of this virtue has acquired particular interest in Positive Psychology studies, which despite already presenting relevant results still lacks greater debate regarding the study of gratitude in reducing symptoms when combined with positive emotions. This study had two main objectives: to evaluate the role of gratitude as a protective factor in depression and the benefits of gratitude when strongly associated with the ability to experience positive emotions and to implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a mental health promotion and depression prevention program. depression in university students. The exploratory study involved the participation of 217 university students, aged between 18 and 35, of which 10 voluntarily agreed to participate in a five-week intervention (effectiveness study). All participants completed an online assessment protocol that included a sociodemographic assessment questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), and the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6). The results of the exploratory study corroborate the literature, confirming the existence of a relationship between gratitude and depressive symptoms and also the partial mediation of positive emotions in the relationship between the two dimensions. In conclusion, students who have higher levels of gratitude and positive emotions are less likely to develop depressive symptoms. The results of the prevention program did not show as positive a record as desirable, with no differences being found between the intervention group and the control group after participating in the program.
Depression is a chronic illness that is increasingly increasing in the university population. This exponential increase has aroused interest in several areas of health, as this pathology can have several consequences on the student's life. Considering the high prevalence, as a way of mitigating its negative impact, studies have emerged on the implementation of gratitude practices that have been associated with a reduction in depressive symptoms. The development of this virtue has acquired particular interest in Positive Psychology studies, which despite already presenting relevant results still lacks greater debate regarding the study of gratitude in reducing symptoms when combined with positive emotions. This study had two main objectives: to evaluate the role of gratitude as a protective factor in depression and the benefits of gratitude when strongly associated with the ability to experience positive emotions and to implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a mental health promotion and depression prevention program. depression in university students. The exploratory study involved the participation of 217 university students, aged between 18 and 35, of which 10 voluntarily agreed to participate in a five-week intervention (effectiveness study). All participants completed an online assessment protocol that included a sociodemographic assessment questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), and the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6). The results of the exploratory study corroborate the literature, confirming the existence of a relationship between gratitude and depressive symptoms and also the partial mediation of positive emotions in the relationship between the two dimensions. In conclusion, students who have higher levels of gratitude and positive emotions are less likely to develop depressive symptoms. The results of the prevention program did not show as positive a record as desirable, with no differences being found between the intervention group and the control group after participating in the program.
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Keywords
Emoções positivas Estudantes universitários Gratidão Sintomas depressivos