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Suscetibilidade às memórias falsas: a influência da valência e arousal do estímulo e da mentalização
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Abstract(s)
Os estudos sobre a memória sugerem que, perante eventos negativos, há uma maior incidência de falsas memórias relacionadas a detalhes periféricos. Paralelamente, têm sido investigadas variáveis individuais pouco estudadas que aumentam a suscetibilidade à desinformação como é o caso da capacidade de mentalização. Algumas evidências sugerem que a ativação da mentalização pode atuar como um fator protetor contra a formação de memórias falsas ainda que este resultado seja pouco consistente entre estudos. Neste contexto, fomos explorar o impacto da valência emocional, do nível de arousal e da localização do detalhe (central ou periférico) na produção de falsas memórias, bem como a relação entre a capacidade de mentalização e a vulnerabilidade às memórias falsas. Para o efeito, foram avaliados 67 indivíduos, com idades entre os 18 e os 51 anos, num paradigma de desinformação. Os participantes foram expostos a seis tipos de fotografias com valência positiva, negativa ou neutra, e com níveis diferentes de arousal, sendo depois submetidos à desinformação. Foi administrado um teste de reconhecimento para avaliar a memória de detalhes centrais e periféricos, tanto corretos como falsos. Os resultados mostraram que, na presença de desinformação e com alto nível de arousal, as imagens negativas aumentam a predisposição dos participantes para aceitarem a desinformação, independentemente da centralidade do detalhe. Em contraste, as imagens positivas reduzem essa aceitação. Quando o nível de arousal é baixo, as imagens negativas aumentam a aceitação da desinformação para detalhes periféricos, mas não para os centrais. Não foram encontrados resultados significativos relativamente à associação entre a mentalização e a produção de falsas memórias. No geral, os nossos resultados fornecem um pequeno contributo para a compreensão da influência significativa da valência emocional e do arousal na formação de falsas memórias.
Studies on memory suggest that, in the face of negative events, there is a higher incidence of false memories related to peripheral details. At the same time, individual variables that increase susceptibility to misinformation, such as mentalization ability, have been investigated, though less frequently studied. Some evidence suggests that the activation of mentalization may act as a protective factor against the formation of false memories, although this result has shown little consistency across studies. In this context, we explored the impact of emotional valence, arousal level, and the location of details (central or peripheral) on the production of false memories, as well as the relationship between mentalization ability and vulnerability to false memories. To this end, 67 individuals, aged between 18 and 51, were assessed using a misinformation paradigm. Participants were exposed to six types of photographs with positive, negative, or neutral valence, and with different levels of arousal, and were subsequently subjected to misinformation. A recognition test was administered to assess memory for both central and peripheral details, both correct and false. The results showed that, in the presence of misinformation and with a high level of arousal, negative images increased participants' predisposition to accept misinformation, regardless of the centrality of the detail. In contrast, positive images reduced this acceptance. When the arousal level was low, negative images increased the acceptance of misinformation for peripheral details but not for central ones. No significant results were found regarding the association between mentalization and the production of false memories. Overall, our findings provide a small contribution to the understanding of the significant influence of emotional valence and arousal on the formation of false memories.
Studies on memory suggest that, in the face of negative events, there is a higher incidence of false memories related to peripheral details. At the same time, individual variables that increase susceptibility to misinformation, such as mentalization ability, have been investigated, though less frequently studied. Some evidence suggests that the activation of mentalization may act as a protective factor against the formation of false memories, although this result has shown little consistency across studies. In this context, we explored the impact of emotional valence, arousal level, and the location of details (central or peripheral) on the production of false memories, as well as the relationship between mentalization ability and vulnerability to false memories. To this end, 67 individuals, aged between 18 and 51, were assessed using a misinformation paradigm. Participants were exposed to six types of photographs with positive, negative, or neutral valence, and with different levels of arousal, and were subsequently subjected to misinformation. A recognition test was administered to assess memory for both central and peripheral details, both correct and false. The results showed that, in the presence of misinformation and with a high level of arousal, negative images increased participants' predisposition to accept misinformation, regardless of the centrality of the detail. In contrast, positive images reduced this acceptance. When the arousal level was low, negative images increased the acceptance of misinformation for peripheral details but not for central ones. No significant results were found regarding the association between mentalization and the production of false memories. Overall, our findings provide a small contribution to the understanding of the significant influence of emotional valence and arousal on the formation of false memories.
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Keywords
Memórias falsas Arousal e valência Localização do detalhe Mentalização