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Avaliação do risco de incêndio de edifícios na cidade de Faro - aplicação do método de CHICHORRO
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| 21.35 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Abstract(s)
Ao longo da história, inúmeros incêndios urbanos, dos mais variados níveis de devastação, têm
sido registados. A ocorrência recorrente deste género de eventos, nomeadamente em centros
históricos urbanos, reveste-se de particular importância, devido à sua fácil propagação. A
limitada disponibilidade de água combinada com um acesso condicionado aos meios de
socorro, resultam num difícil combate ao incêndio que, habitualmente, culmina com
consideráveis prejuízos.
A salvaguarda da vida humana é fator primordial sempre que se abordam incêndios urbanos.
Quando se aliam estes aos centros históricos, acrescentam-se um valor patrimonial e cultural
incalculáveis encimados por valores simbólicos para a identidade da própria cidade.
Nesse contexto, torna-se importante uma identificação e quantificação do risco de incêndio dos
edifícios, através de metodologias adequadas, que permitam atuar na mitigação ou redução do
risco, recorrendo a medidas preventivas.
A presente dissertação tem como principal objetivo a avaliação do risco de incêndio dos
edifícios da Área de Reabilitação Urbana – Vila Adentro (Centro Histórico de Faro). Para tal,
após uma análise detalhada acerca dos possíveis métodos a adotar, optou-se pela aplicação do
método CHICHORRO 2.0 (Cálculo Holístico do Risco de Incêndio da Construção e Habilitada
Otimização da sua Redução em Obras), através da sua versão simplificada. A apresentação da
Carta de Risco de Incêndio da zona em estudo traduz os resultados obtidos, de acordo com a
escala de classes de risco de incêndio definidas pelo método.
Neste seguimento, é apresentada a Carta de Risco de Incêndio Intervencionado, resultado da
redução do risco através das medidas de intervenção propostas para cada edifício, cujo risco de
incêndio calculado inicialmente não foi considerado aceitável. Para finalizar, foram ainda
analisados os resultados obtidos e determinado o valor global das intervenções propostas
Throughout history, a large number of urban fires, with different levels of devastation, have been recorded. The regular occurrence of this type of event, namely in historic urban centers, has a huge importance, due to its easy propagation. The limited availability of water, combined with conditioned access to the means of assistance, results in a difficult firefighting that usually culminates in significant damage. Safeguarding human life is the main factor when is to discuss the urban fires. When we combine these issues with the historical centers, we add an incalculable patrimonial and cultural value enriched by symbolic values for the town identity. In this context, it is essential to identify and quantify the risk of fire in buildings, using appropriate methodologies, which allow to mitigate or reduce the risk, using preventive procedures. The main objective of this dissertation is to evaluate the fire risk of buildings in the Urban Rehabilitation Area - Vila Adentro (Historic Center of Faro). To this end, after a detailed analysis of the possible methods to be used, it was decided to apply the CHICHORRO 2.0 method (Holistic Calculation of Fire Risk of Construction and Enabled Optimization of its Reduction in Constructions Works), through its simplified version. The Fire Hazard Map presentation of the studied area reflects the obtained results, according to the classes scale of fire risk defined by the method. Then, it is presented the Interventioned Fire Hazard Map, which results from the risk reduction through the intervention procedures proposed for each building, whose fire risk initially calculated was not considered acceptable. Finally, the results obtained were analyzed and the total value of the proposed interventions was determined.
Throughout history, a large number of urban fires, with different levels of devastation, have been recorded. The regular occurrence of this type of event, namely in historic urban centers, has a huge importance, due to its easy propagation. The limited availability of water, combined with conditioned access to the means of assistance, results in a difficult firefighting that usually culminates in significant damage. Safeguarding human life is the main factor when is to discuss the urban fires. When we combine these issues with the historical centers, we add an incalculable patrimonial and cultural value enriched by symbolic values for the town identity. In this context, it is essential to identify and quantify the risk of fire in buildings, using appropriate methodologies, which allow to mitigate or reduce the risk, using preventive procedures. The main objective of this dissertation is to evaluate the fire risk of buildings in the Urban Rehabilitation Area - Vila Adentro (Historic Center of Faro). To this end, after a detailed analysis of the possible methods to be used, it was decided to apply the CHICHORRO 2.0 method (Holistic Calculation of Fire Risk of Construction and Enabled Optimization of its Reduction in Constructions Works), through its simplified version. The Fire Hazard Map presentation of the studied area reflects the obtained results, according to the classes scale of fire risk defined by the method. Then, it is presented the Interventioned Fire Hazard Map, which results from the risk reduction through the intervention procedures proposed for each building, whose fire risk initially calculated was not considered acceptable. Finally, the results obtained were analyzed and the total value of the proposed interventions was determined.
Description
Keywords
Segurança Incêndio Edifícios SCIE Avaliação de risco Centro histórico de Faro Modelo chichorro