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Estudo e desenvolvimento de edifícios com baixos níveis de emissões aplicado a um Campus Universitário
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
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| 4.78 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Neste trabalho pretende-se estudar o desenvolvimento de diferentes técnicas que
permitam reduzir os níveis de emissões de um conjunto de seis edifícios de um campus
universitário, com o objetivo de os aproximar do conceito de NZEB.
Foi realizado um trabalho de carácter numérico, com um programa que determina a
resposta dinâmica de edifícios com topologia complexa. Avaliaram-se sete possíveis
soluções, nomeadamente, com os sistemas AVAC desligados, com três diferentes
sistemas de controlo AVAC de verão e de inverno, e três sistemas com superfícies
radiantes alimentados por bombas de calor geotérmicas, de verão, e coletores solares
térmicos, de inverno. Foram simulados sistemas de controlo baseados no índice PMV,
no índice aPMV e na temperatura preferida dos ocupantes.
A qualidade do ar interior foi avaliada através da concentração de dióxido de carbono
no ar, e comparadas as condições de conforto térmico dos ocupantes proporcionadas
por todos os sistemas descritos, pela análise da evolução do índice PMV e das horas de
desconforto térmico, por frio, por calor, e pela qualidade do ar interior. Foi ainda
calculado o consumo de energia associado a cada sistema de controlo AVAC e os
resultados comparados em função de dados experimentais disponíveis. Foi estudada a
correlação entre consumos e radiação solar incidente nas janelas.
O potencial de produção de energia solar fotovoltaica foi avaliado numericamente, de
acordo com as áreas disponíveis nas coberturas dos edifícios, com base nos valores de
irradiância solar e de temperatura ambiente e nos parâmetros elétricos dos painéis.
The aim of this work is to study and develop techniques that help reduce the level of emissions of a set of six buildings that are part of a university campus, in order to be closer to the concept of a NZEB. Numerical simulations were performed, with a program that determines the dynamical response of buildings with complex topology. Seven different situations were evaluated: the passive thermal response of the buildings, with the HVAC systems off; three different HVAC control systems, in winter and summer conditions; and three systems using radiant surfaces, two of them fed by geothermal heat pumps in summer, and one fed by solar thermal collectors in winter. The three HVAC control systems used the PMV index, the aPMV index, and the preferred temperature by the occupants. The indoor air quality was evaluated regarding the carbon dioxide concentration in the air. The thermal comfort conditions for the occupants were compared for all the above-mentioned systems, by analysing the evolution of the PMV index. The uncomfortable hours by heat and by cold were calculated, as well as the uncomfortable hours due to poor indoor air quality, for all systems under analysis. The energy consumption associated with each of the HVAC control systems studied was calculated. In order to validate the results, experimental data were used. The correlation between consumption and incident solar radiation was studied. The potential for electrical energy generation from solar photovoltaic systems was assessed, according to the available areas on the buildings’ roofs, based on solar irradiance and ambient temperature data, and on the electrical parameters of the modules.
The aim of this work is to study and develop techniques that help reduce the level of emissions of a set of six buildings that are part of a university campus, in order to be closer to the concept of a NZEB. Numerical simulations were performed, with a program that determines the dynamical response of buildings with complex topology. Seven different situations were evaluated: the passive thermal response of the buildings, with the HVAC systems off; three different HVAC control systems, in winter and summer conditions; and three systems using radiant surfaces, two of them fed by geothermal heat pumps in summer, and one fed by solar thermal collectors in winter. The three HVAC control systems used the PMV index, the aPMV index, and the preferred temperature by the occupants. The indoor air quality was evaluated regarding the carbon dioxide concentration in the air. The thermal comfort conditions for the occupants were compared for all the above-mentioned systems, by analysing the evolution of the PMV index. The uncomfortable hours by heat and by cold were calculated, as well as the uncomfortable hours due to poor indoor air quality, for all systems under analysis. The energy consumption associated with each of the HVAC control systems studied was calculated. In order to validate the results, experimental data were used. The correlation between consumption and incident solar radiation was studied. The potential for electrical energy generation from solar photovoltaic systems was assessed, according to the available areas on the buildings’ roofs, based on solar irradiance and ambient temperature data, and on the electrical parameters of the modules.
Description
Keywords
Conforto térmico Eficiência energética NZEB Simulação numérica Superfícies radiantes Energias renováveis Sistemas de controlo AVAC