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Aceitação do outro "diferente": atitudes, empatia e conceções sobre a deficiência
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Abstract(s)
A presente investigação tem como principal objetivo analisar as atitudes, empatia e conceções de deficiência numa amostra de 301 participantes, constituída por dois grupos amostrais, nomeadamente, um grupo de estudantes do Ensino Superior e um grupo amostral da população em geral. Pretende-se, assim, contribuir para maior consciencialização do papel da sociedade na inclusão social destas pessoas, no desenvolvimento de bens e serviços e na formação de profissionais.
A presente investigação estrutura-se numa abordagem quantitativa, comparativa, com um design transversal, carácter exploratório e de tipo descritivo-correlacional. A recolha de dados realizou-se através de um protocolo constituído por um questionário sociodemográfico, pela Escala Likert de Atitudes Sociais em relação à Inclusão, pelo Índice de Reatividade Interpessoal e pela Escala Intercultural de Conceções de Deficiência. A recolha de dados foi feita de forma presencial e através da plataforma Google Forms. A análise dos dados foi realizada através do software SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) v28.
Os resultados indicam que a Empatia e as Conceções da Deficiência desempenham papéis significativos na formação de Atitudes em relação às pessoas com Deficiência. O estudo identificou variações significativas nas perceções entre estudantes e a população em geral, influenciadas por características sociodemográficas. Os estudantes do Ensino Superior apresentaram Atitudes, Empatia e Conceções de Deficiência mais favoráveis comparativamente à população em geral, especialmente, no que respeita à Conceção Social da deficiência. Este estudo revela a necessidade de intervenções educativas que promovam uma compreensão mais profunda e inclusiva da deficiência, potencialmente impactando políticas públicas e práticas sociais. Apesar de uma maior empatia entre estudantes, as conceções de deficiência ainda estão influenciadas por fatores sociais, e o contacto próximo com pessoas com deficiência não garante uma melhoria nas atitudes.
The main objective of this research is to analyze attitudes, empathy and conceptions of disability in a sample of 301 participants, composed of two sample groups, namely, a group of Higher Education students and a sample group of the general population. The aim is, therefore, to contribute to greater awareness of society's role in the social inclusion of these people, in the development of goods and services and in the training of professionals. This research is structured in a quantitative, comparative approach, with a cross-sectional design, exploratory and descriptive-correlational in nature. Data collection was carried out using a protocol consisting of a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Escala Likert de Atitudes Sociais em relação à Inclusão, the Índice de Reatividade Interpessoal and the Escala Intercultural de Conceções de Deficiência. Data collection was done in person and through the Google Forms platform. Data analysis was performed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) v28 software. The results indicate that Empathy and Conceptions of Disability play significant roles in the formation of Attitudes towards people with Disabilities. The study identified significant variations in perceptions between students and the general population, influenced by sociodemographic characteristics. Higher Education students presented more favorable Attitudes, Empathy and Conceptions of Disability compared to the general population, especially regarding the Social Conception of disability. This study reveals the need for educational interventions that promote a deeper and more inclusive understanding of disability, potentially impacting public policies and social practices. Despite greater empathy among students, conceptions of disability are still influenced by social factors, and close contact with people with disabilities does not guarantee an improvement in attitudes.
The main objective of this research is to analyze attitudes, empathy and conceptions of disability in a sample of 301 participants, composed of two sample groups, namely, a group of Higher Education students and a sample group of the general population. The aim is, therefore, to contribute to greater awareness of society's role in the social inclusion of these people, in the development of goods and services and in the training of professionals. This research is structured in a quantitative, comparative approach, with a cross-sectional design, exploratory and descriptive-correlational in nature. Data collection was carried out using a protocol consisting of a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Escala Likert de Atitudes Sociais em relação à Inclusão, the Índice de Reatividade Interpessoal and the Escala Intercultural de Conceções de Deficiência. Data collection was done in person and through the Google Forms platform. Data analysis was performed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) v28 software. The results indicate that Empathy and Conceptions of Disability play significant roles in the formation of Attitudes towards people with Disabilities. The study identified significant variations in perceptions between students and the general population, influenced by sociodemographic characteristics. Higher Education students presented more favorable Attitudes, Empathy and Conceptions of Disability compared to the general population, especially regarding the Social Conception of disability. This study reveals the need for educational interventions that promote a deeper and more inclusive understanding of disability, potentially impacting public policies and social practices. Despite greater empathy among students, conceptions of disability are still influenced by social factors, and close contact with people with disabilities does not guarantee an improvement in attitudes.
Description
Keywords
Pessoa com deficiência Atitudes Empatia Conceção de deficiência