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O equilíbrio dos ambientes aquáticos abordado com recurso à resolução de problemas na educação pré-escolar
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O trabalho descrito neste relatório intitula-se O equilíbrio dos ambientes aquáticos
abordado com recurso à resolução de problemas na Educação Pré-Escolar, tendo sido
desenvolvido numa instituição de Educação Pré-Escolar do concelho de Albufeira, no
âmbito da unidade curricular de Prática de Ensino Supervisionada II, do Mestrado em
Educação Pré-Escolar da Escola Superior de Educação e Comunicação da Universidade
do Algarve. O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo conhecer as perspetivas das
crianças em educação pré-escolar relativamente ao equilíbrio dos ambientes aquáticos,
com enfâse para os fatores que interferem com as dinâmicas de sustentabilidade dos mares
e oceanos. As crianças foram sensibilizadas para a temática através de atividades de
leitura de histórias e da realização de uma dramatização, para, em seguida, serem
convidadas a demonstrar os conhecimentos que tinham e a capacidade que demonstravam
na resolução de problemas relacionados com a mesma temática. Participaram 19 crianças
no estudo, com idades compreendidas entre os 3 e os 5 anos, tendo-se adotado uma
metodologia de investigação qualitativa com intervenção educativa. O problema
apresentado enquadrava o reconhecimento dos habitats naturais dos seres vivos marinhos
e a sua sustentabilidade, tendo sido explorado com recurso a um instrumento didático
original, concebido especificamente para este trabalho. O instrumento didático foi eficaz
para o conhecimento das ideias prévias das crianças em relação a ecossistemas marinhos
tendo-se evidenciado que o ambiente familiar e o contexto social e regional têm uma forte
influência no nível de conhecimento que as crianças demonstram. O conhecimento
informal adquirido por estas crianças no contacto com a população da região, uma região
costeira, com pesca, marinas e muitos barcos de recreio ligados ao turismo ficou registado
nos materiais que selecionaram para colocar no ambiente aquático. Estes dados foram
registados em tabelas e correspondem às soluções que as crianças propuseram para a
resolução do problema e as respetivas justificações. As soluções apresentadas pelas
crianças foram reveladoras da existência de consciência, sensibilidade e responsabilidade.
Também se pôde inferir que as atividades complementares realizadas no âmbito do
mesmo tema, intituladas o Teatro do Tubarão e a leitura da história Uma lição vinda do
Mar foram úteis nesse sentido. Neste projeto, as crianças foram as protagonistas das
opções a tomar na relação dos seres humanos com o meio natural com vista à
sustentabilidade dos ecossistemas marinhos.
The work described in this report is entitled The balance of aquatic environments using problem solving in Pre-School Education, having been carried out in a Pre-School Education institution in the municipality of Albufeira, within the scope of the Teaching Practice curricular unit Supervised II, of the Master in Pre-School Education of the Superior School of Education and Communication of the University of Algarve. The present study had as main objective to know the perspectives of children in preschool education regarding the balance of aquatic environments, with emphasis on the factors that interfere with the dynamics of sustainability of mares and oceans. The children were sensitized to the theme through activities such as reading stories and performing a dramatization, and then they were invited to demonstrate the knowledge they had and the ability they demonstrated in solving problems related to the same theme. Nineteen children aged between 3 and 5 years old participated in the study, adopting an educational research methodology with educational intervention. The presented problem framed the recognition of the natural habitats of marine living beings and their sustainability, having been explored using an original didactic instrument, designed specifically for this work. The didactic tool was effective in understanding the children's previous ideas in relation to marine ecosystems, showing that the family environment and the social and regional context have a strong influence on the level of knowledge that the children demonstrated. The informal knowledge acquired by these children in contact with the population of the region, a coastal region, with fishing, marinas and many pleasure boats linked to tourism, were recorded in the materials they selected to place in the aquatic environment. These data were recorded in tables and correspond to the solutions that the children proposed to solve the problem and the respective justifications. The solutions developed by the children revealed the existence of conscience, sensitivity and responsibility. It was also possible to infer that the complementary activities carried out under the same theme, entitled Teatro do Tubarão and the reading of the story A lesson coming from the Sea, were useful in this regard. In this project, children were protagonists of the options to be taken in the relationship between human beings and the natural environment, with a view to the sustainability of marine ecosystems.
The work described in this report is entitled The balance of aquatic environments using problem solving in Pre-School Education, having been carried out in a Pre-School Education institution in the municipality of Albufeira, within the scope of the Teaching Practice curricular unit Supervised II, of the Master in Pre-School Education of the Superior School of Education and Communication of the University of Algarve. The present study had as main objective to know the perspectives of children in preschool education regarding the balance of aquatic environments, with emphasis on the factors that interfere with the dynamics of sustainability of mares and oceans. The children were sensitized to the theme through activities such as reading stories and performing a dramatization, and then they were invited to demonstrate the knowledge they had and the ability they demonstrated in solving problems related to the same theme. Nineteen children aged between 3 and 5 years old participated in the study, adopting an educational research methodology with educational intervention. The presented problem framed the recognition of the natural habitats of marine living beings and their sustainability, having been explored using an original didactic instrument, designed specifically for this work. The didactic tool was effective in understanding the children's previous ideas in relation to marine ecosystems, showing that the family environment and the social and regional context have a strong influence on the level of knowledge that the children demonstrated. The informal knowledge acquired by these children in contact with the population of the region, a coastal region, with fishing, marinas and many pleasure boats linked to tourism, were recorded in the materials they selected to place in the aquatic environment. These data were recorded in tables and correspond to the solutions that the children proposed to solve the problem and the respective justifications. The solutions developed by the children revealed the existence of conscience, sensitivity and responsibility. It was also possible to infer that the complementary activities carried out under the same theme, entitled Teatro do Tubarão and the reading of the story A lesson coming from the Sea, were useful in this regard. In this project, children were protagonists of the options to be taken in the relationship between human beings and the natural environment, with a view to the sustainability of marine ecosystems.
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Keywords
Resolução de problemas Sustentabilidade Habitats naturais marinhos Educação pré-escolar Instrumentos didáticos