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Estudo das perdas aparentes por erros de medição na rede de distribuição de água de Beja
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
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| 2.96 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Todas as redes de distribuição e abastecimento de água apresentam perdas de água (consumo não faturado), sendo essas perdas uma das principais fontes de ineficiência das Entidades Gestoras (EG). A eficiência no controlo e redução das perdas nos sistemas de abastecimento de água, têm um impacto significativo na sustentabilidade das EG não se refletindo somente a nível financeiro, mas também a nível ambiental e social principalmente na atualidade onde as populações estão despertas para a problemática do stress hídrico e da escassez de água.
As perdas de água englobam as perdas reais e as perdas aparentes, este trabalho foca-se essencialmente na quantificação das perdas aparentes, através da realização de ensaios de medição a uma amostra de contadores que pertencem ao sistema de distribuição de água da Empresa Municipal de Água e Saneamento de Beja, EM (EMAS de Beja). O erro de medição dos contadores de água é uma das principais componentes das perdas aparentes que, por conseguinte, representam uma percentagem significativa da água não faturada (ANF) nas EG.
Os resultados mostram que o erro de medição de um contador aumenta com a idade do mesmo, pois este vai perdendo precisão ao longo do tempo, sendo que a partir dos 12 anos de idade os erros de medição aumentam de forma substancial.
Com base na quantificação das perdas aparentes serão ainda realizados dois estudos económicos de forma a contabilizar o valor em euros das perdas aparentes, mais concretamente as perdas comerciais associadas aos erros de medição dos contadores quer na zona de monitorização e controlo (ZMC) em estudo quer no parque de contadores da EMAS de Beja.
Será ainda abordado o tema da telemetria, que apesar de estar a dar os primeiros passos no sistema de abastecimento da EG em estudo, esta tecnologia já apresenta enormes valências no que concerne ao combate da água não faturada.
All water distribution and supply networks have water losses (unbilled consumption), which is one of the main sources of inefficiency of the Water Utilities (WU) companies. The efficiency in the control and reduction of losses in the water supply systems, have a significant impact on the sustainability of the WU not only reflected at the financial level, but also at the environmental and social levels, mainly nowadays where the population is awake to the problem of the water stress and scarcity. Water losses include real losses and apparent losses. This work focuses essentially on the quantification of apparent losses, through the performance of accuracy tests on a sample of meters from the water distribution system of the Municipal Water Company and Sanitation of Beja, EM. Based on the quantification of apparent losses, two economic studies will also be carried out to account for the value (in euros) of apparent losses, more specifically the commercial losses associated with the errors in the meters of a District Metered Area (DMA) under study and globally in the EMAS meter park of Beja. The metering errors of water meters is one of the main components of apparent losses which, therefore, represent a significant percentage of unbilled water in the WU. The results show that the metering errors of a water meter increase with its age, as it loses accuracy over time, and that, from the age of 12 years onwards, metering errors increase substantially. The issue of telemetry will also be addressed, despite taking the first steps in the WU supply system under study, this technology has already showed enormous advantages in terms of fighting unbilled water.
All water distribution and supply networks have water losses (unbilled consumption), which is one of the main sources of inefficiency of the Water Utilities (WU) companies. The efficiency in the control and reduction of losses in the water supply systems, have a significant impact on the sustainability of the WU not only reflected at the financial level, but also at the environmental and social levels, mainly nowadays where the population is awake to the problem of the water stress and scarcity. Water losses include real losses and apparent losses. This work focuses essentially on the quantification of apparent losses, through the performance of accuracy tests on a sample of meters from the water distribution system of the Municipal Water Company and Sanitation of Beja, EM. Based on the quantification of apparent losses, two economic studies will also be carried out to account for the value (in euros) of apparent losses, more specifically the commercial losses associated with the errors in the meters of a District Metered Area (DMA) under study and globally in the EMAS meter park of Beja. The metering errors of water meters is one of the main components of apparent losses which, therefore, represent a significant percentage of unbilled water in the WU. The results show that the metering errors of a water meter increase with its age, as it loses accuracy over time, and that, from the age of 12 years onwards, metering errors increase substantially. The issue of telemetry will also be addressed, despite taking the first steps in the WU supply system under study, this technology has already showed enormous advantages in terms of fighting unbilled water.
Description
Keywords
Perdas aparentes Água não faturada Consumos não autorizados Balanço hídrico Nivel económico de perdas Contadores Erros de medição