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Mecanismos intervenientes na relação entre as exigências emocionais e os resultados de trabalho
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Abstract(s)
As exigências emocionais no trabalho submetem os trabalhadores a diferentes efeitos que afetam a forma como estes lidam com o contexto laboral, com impacto direto nos resul-tados de trabalho desejáveis, como a satisfação no trabalho e o empenhamento afetivo. Porém, a existência de recursos pessoais, como o capital psicológico positivo, permitem dotar o indivíduo de formas de contornar esses efeitos negativos, culminando numa ex-periência de trabalho positiva. Desta forma, o presente estudo procurou testar os meca-nismos moderadores que intervêm na relação entre as exigências emocionais e os resul-tados de trabalho positivos, seguindo os pressupostos do Modelo Exigências-Recursos. Para esse efeito, foi recolhida uma amostra de 507 trabalhadores portugueses (67.9% do género feminino, 30.2% do género masculino e .2% do género não-binário). O protocolo de investigação, composto por sete instrumentos, foi aplicado a todos os participantes de igual forma, adotando um design transversal. Todos os instrumentos demonstraram níveis de fiabilidade satisfatórios (i.e., α > .70) e o modelo teórico foi testado através de uma análise de equações estruturais, com recurso ao software Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) versão 20. Além disso, demonstrou caraterísticas psicométricas aceitáveis ao nível da validade fatorial, convergente e discriminante. A análise dos resultados permitiu identificar diversas relações diretas e, principalmente, o efeito moderador do capital psi-cológico positivo na relação entre as exigências emocionais e o engagement no trabalho.
Emotional demands at work makes workers experience different effects, that affect the way they deal with the work context, with a direct impact on desirable work results, such as job satisfaction and affective commitment. However, the existence of personal resou-rces, such as positive psychological capital, can provide individuals with ways of avoi-ding these negative effects, culminating in a positive work experience. This study aimed to test the moderating mechanisms involved in the relationship between emotional de-mands and positive work outcomes, following the assumptions of the Demands-Resour-ces Model. To this end, a sample of 507 Portuguese workers was obtained (67.9% female, 30.2% male and .2% non-binary). The research protocol, consisting of seven instruments, was applied to all participants equally, adopting a cross-sectional design. All the instru-ments showed satisfactory levels of reliability (i.e., α > .70) and the theoretical model was tested using a structural equation analysis, using the Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) software version 20. It also demonstrated acceptable psychometric characteris-tics in terms of factorial, convergent and discriminant validity. The analysis of the results revealed several direct relationships and, above all, the moderating effect of positive psychological capital on the relationship between emotional demands and work engage-ment.
Emotional demands at work makes workers experience different effects, that affect the way they deal with the work context, with a direct impact on desirable work results, such as job satisfaction and affective commitment. However, the existence of personal resou-rces, such as positive psychological capital, can provide individuals with ways of avoi-ding these negative effects, culminating in a positive work experience. This study aimed to test the moderating mechanisms involved in the relationship between emotional de-mands and positive work outcomes, following the assumptions of the Demands-Resour-ces Model. To this end, a sample of 507 Portuguese workers was obtained (67.9% female, 30.2% male and .2% non-binary). The research protocol, consisting of seven instruments, was applied to all participants equally, adopting a cross-sectional design. All the instru-ments showed satisfactory levels of reliability (i.e., α > .70) and the theoretical model was tested using a structural equation analysis, using the Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) software version 20. It also demonstrated acceptable psychometric characteris-tics in terms of factorial, convergent and discriminant validity. The analysis of the results revealed several direct relationships and, above all, the moderating effect of positive psychological capital on the relationship between emotional demands and work engage-ment.
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Keywords
Capital psicológico positivo Engagement no trabalho Modelo jd-r Exigências emocionais