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Técnicas construtivas dos muros de pedra seca no algarve caracterização, implicações na sustentabilidade e mitigação de riscos naturais
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Abstract(s)
Esta dissertação propõe uma reflexão a importância do património rural de muros de pedras
seca na região algarvia, optou-se para um estudo de 8 meses em campo com levantamento
fotográfico a verificar a localização, função, material e técnicas construtivas utilizadas nos
muros encontrados nas três regiões algarvias, Serra, Barrocal e Litoral. Foi-se verificado a
maior quantidade de muros na região do Barrocal e na faixa entre o Barrocal e o Litoral,
devido suas vertentes, enquanto na Serra foram encontrados próximos de vilas, o Litoral
apresentou muros em sua maioria de divisão de propriedade, raros os casos de muros de
contenção. Os muros encontrados foram catalogados e subdivididos com relação a sua
disposição estrutural no terreno, ao seu coroamento, acesso aos muros e aparelhamento,
além das técnicas construtivas e sistema de regulação hídrica, apresentando também
informações do seu contributo para as mitigações de riscos naturais, nomeadamente
controle de erosão, redução da velocidade de escoamento da água da chuva e barreiras
naturais em incêndios florestais.
Durante a pesquisa houve algumas limitações, sobretudo ao encontro dos muros,
primeiramente foi feito um estudo on-line com a ajuda do Google Maps para encontrar
campos onde percebia-se um aglomerado de muros, no entanto, muitos encontravam-se
abandonados, ou tomados pela vegetação, o que dificultou a sua catalogação para o
projeto.
A dissertação fornece informações sobre os efeitos sustentáveis dos muros nas regiões em
que são encontrados, as existências de tais construções contam uma história dos
antepassados agricultores que por ali desenvolveram técnicas para adaptar-se as condições
topográficas, em que transformaram a paisagem natural de vertentes em terras aráveis
próprias para a produção, contribuindo assim não só pela sustentabilidade social como
também econômica.
This dissertation proposes a reflection on the importance of the rural heritage of dry stone walls in the Algarve region, an 8-month field study was chosen with a photographic survey to verify the location, function, material and construction techniques used in the walls found in the three Algarve, Serra, Barrocal and Litoral regions. The largest amount of walls was found in the Barrocal region and in the range between the Barrocal and the Litoral, due to their slopes, while in the Serra they were found near villages, the Litoral had walls mostly of property division, rare. cases of retaining walls. The walls found were cataloged and subdivided in relation to their structural arrangement on the ground, their crowning, access to the walls and rigging, in addition to the construction techniques and water regulation system, also presenting information on their contribution to the mitigation of natural risks, namely erosion control, reduction of rainwater runoff speed and natural barriers in forest fires. During the research there were some limitations, especially in relation to the walls, first an online study was carried out with the help of Google Maps to find fields where a cluster of walls was perceived, however, many were found abandoned or taken by vegetation, which made its cataloging difficult for the project. The dissertation provides information about the sustainable effects of the walls in the regions where they are found, the existence of such constructions tells a story of the ancestors of farmers who developed techniques there to adapt to the topographical conditions, in which they transformed the natural landscape from slopes into arable land suitable for production, thus contributing not only to social but also economic sustainability.
This dissertation proposes a reflection on the importance of the rural heritage of dry stone walls in the Algarve region, an 8-month field study was chosen with a photographic survey to verify the location, function, material and construction techniques used in the walls found in the three Algarve, Serra, Barrocal and Litoral regions. The largest amount of walls was found in the Barrocal region and in the range between the Barrocal and the Litoral, due to their slopes, while in the Serra they were found near villages, the Litoral had walls mostly of property division, rare. cases of retaining walls. The walls found were cataloged and subdivided in relation to their structural arrangement on the ground, their crowning, access to the walls and rigging, in addition to the construction techniques and water regulation system, also presenting information on their contribution to the mitigation of natural risks, namely erosion control, reduction of rainwater runoff speed and natural barriers in forest fires. During the research there were some limitations, especially in relation to the walls, first an online study was carried out with the help of Google Maps to find fields where a cluster of walls was perceived, however, many were found abandoned or taken by vegetation, which made its cataloging difficult for the project. The dissertation provides information about the sustainable effects of the walls in the regions where they are found, the existence of such constructions tells a story of the ancestors of farmers who developed techniques there to adapt to the topographical conditions, in which they transformed the natural landscape from slopes into arable land suitable for production, thus contributing not only to social but also economic sustainability.
Description
Keywords
Estruturas resilientes Geomateriais Património imaterial Património vernacular algarvio UNESCO