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Produtos naturais na COVID-19
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Abstract(s)
No final do ano de 2019, surgiram os primeiros casos de COVID-19, na China. Esta doença é provocada pelo novo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2 e pode resultar numa infeção respiratória grave.
Num curto espaço de tempo, observou-se que esta doença se transmitia facilmente entre os indivíduos, através de gotículas de saliva ou secreção nasal libertadas quando um indivíduo tosse ou espirra, de tal forma que acabou por atingir diversos países, tendo sido classificado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde como pandemia. No entanto, a ausência de terapêuticas aprovadas para tratamento desta doença representa uma ameaça para a Saúde Pública, sendo por isso urgente desenvolver agentes anti-SARS-CoV-2.
No combate a esta pandemia, vários países têm realizado diversos estudos e ensaios clínicos a fim de descobrir compostos ativos capazes de atuar sobre o SARS-CoV-2, focando-se no alívio sintomático (atualmente conseguido com recurso a agentes terapêuticos comumente utilizados contra outras infeções virais), inibição do ciclo da replicação viral, aumento da resposta imunitária e alívio “da tempestade de citocinas” provocada pela COVID-19. Por outro lado, também a prevenção da infeção é importante. Neste sentido, tem-se optado pelo método atualmente mais eficaz para prevenir doenças infeciosas, a vacinação.
Na procura de novas estratégias terapêuticas, a fitoterapia não deve ser esquecida, uma vez que os produtos naturais possuem uma ampla atividade farmacológica e são geralmente menos tóxicos do que os medicamentos convencionais. Nos estudos já realizados, fármacos vegetais têm demonstrado ser promissores na inibição ou interrupção da proliferação deste agente infecioso.
Posto isto, a presente monografia pretende, através de uma revisão bibliográfica aprofundada, recolher informações sobre o potencial de plantas e produtos naturais para inibir o novo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2, destacando os compostos mais promissores para a pesquisa e desenvolvimento da cura desta doença.
At the end of 2019, the first cases of COVID-19 appeared in China. This disease is caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and can culminate in a severe respiratory infection. In a short period of time, it was observed that this disease was transmitted easily between individuals, through droplets of saliva or nasal discharge released when an individual coughs or sneezes, so much so that it ended up reaching many countries, having been classified by the World Health Organization as a pandemic. Nevertheless, the absence of approved medications for the treatment of this disease poses as a threat to the Public Health, which makes the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents urgent. In the fight against this pandemic, many countries have performed several studies and clinical trials in order to discover active compounds capable of acting against SARS-CoV-2, focusing on symptomatic treatment (presently obtained with therapeutic agents used against other viral infections), inhibition of the viral replication cycle, enhancement of the immune response and relief of “the cytokine storm” brought by COVID-19. On the other hand, preventing the infection is also important. In this sense, the preferred method has been the one that’s currently most effective in the prevention of infectious diseases, the vaccination. While searching for new therapeutic strategies, phytotherapy mustn’t be forgotten, since natural products have a broad pharmacological activity and are generally less toxic than conventional drugs. In studies carried out until now, herbal medicines have proved to be promising in the inhibition or interruption of this infectious agent’s proliferation. Hereupon, the present dissertation intends to, through an in-depth literature review, collect information regarding the potential of plants and natural products to inhibit the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, highlighting the most promising compounds in the search and development of the cure for this disease.
At the end of 2019, the first cases of COVID-19 appeared in China. This disease is caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and can culminate in a severe respiratory infection. In a short period of time, it was observed that this disease was transmitted easily between individuals, through droplets of saliva or nasal discharge released when an individual coughs or sneezes, so much so that it ended up reaching many countries, having been classified by the World Health Organization as a pandemic. Nevertheless, the absence of approved medications for the treatment of this disease poses as a threat to the Public Health, which makes the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents urgent. In the fight against this pandemic, many countries have performed several studies and clinical trials in order to discover active compounds capable of acting against SARS-CoV-2, focusing on symptomatic treatment (presently obtained with therapeutic agents used against other viral infections), inhibition of the viral replication cycle, enhancement of the immune response and relief of “the cytokine storm” brought by COVID-19. On the other hand, preventing the infection is also important. In this sense, the preferred method has been the one that’s currently most effective in the prevention of infectious diseases, the vaccination. While searching for new therapeutic strategies, phytotherapy mustn’t be forgotten, since natural products have a broad pharmacological activity and are generally less toxic than conventional drugs. In studies carried out until now, herbal medicines have proved to be promising in the inhibition or interruption of this infectious agent’s proliferation. Hereupon, the present dissertation intends to, through an in-depth literature review, collect information regarding the potential of plants and natural products to inhibit the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, highlighting the most promising compounds in the search and development of the cure for this disease.
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Keywords
COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Tratamento Produtos naturais