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Experiências de familiares de jovens com comportamentos suicidários: o papel da satisfação com o suporte social
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Abstract(s)
Os comportamentos suicidários e autolesivos são um grave problema de saúde pública entre os jovens. Contudo, existem poucos estudos empíricos que avaliem os efeitos destes comportamentos dos jovens nos respetivos familiares.
O objetivo geral deste estudo foi conhecer as experiências dos familiares após uma tentativa de suicídio ou comportamento autolesivo de um parente próximo, jovem ou jovem-adulto. Mais especificamente, pretendeu-se avaliar os efeitos destes comportamentos em várias dimensões da vida dos familiares, a sua sintomatologia clínica e o papel da satisfação com o suporte social na vivência dessa experiência.
Participaram 18, familiares (11 pais; 7 outros familiares) de jovens ou jovens-adultos que cometeram uma tentativa de suicídio ou comportamento autolesivo. Os participantes preencheram o Questionário da Experiência da Tentativa de Suicídio ou Comportamento Autolesivo de um filho/familiar (QETSALF-6), a Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social (ESSS) e a Escala de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stresse (EADS).
Os resultados demonstram que o comportamento suicidário ou autolesivo do jovem afeta moderadamente a vida dos familiares, sendo os efeitos mais elevados na área da saúde. Contudo, quando comparados com os restantes familiares, os pais referem efeitos mais negativos em todas as dimensões da vida.
A satisfação com o suporte social correlaciona-se de forma negativa, quer com os efeitos negativos dos comportamentos suicidários ou autolesivos nos familiares, quer com os níveis de ansiedade, depressão e stresse.
Globalmente esperavam-se efeitos mais negativos dos comportamentos suicidários ou autolesivos nos familiares, o que parece contrariar a literatura internacional. No entanto, quando se analisam os efeitos nas várias dimensões da vida em função do grau de parentesco e de outras variáveis sociodemográficas, os resultados corroboram estudos anteriores. Além disso, os resultados sugerem que o suporte social poderá desempenhar um papel protetor no impacto dos comportamentos suicidários ou autolesivos dos jovens nos familiares, tanto em termos dos múltiplos efeitos na sua vida, como em termos de sintomatologia clínica.
São ainda discutidas as implicações práticas do estudo na promoção da saúde mental dos jovens com este tipo de comportamentos e dos respetivos familiares.
Suicidal and self-injurious behaviors are a serious problem of public health among the young people. However, there are few empirical studies that evaluate the effects of these behaviors of young people in their family. The general objetive of this study was to know the experiences of family members before a suicide attempt or self-injurious behavior of a young close relative. More specifically, it was intend to evaluate the effects of these behaviors in the several life dimensions of family members, the clinical symptomatolgy and the role of the satisfaction with social support in this experience. The sample of this study was constitued by 18 family members (11 parents; 7 other family members) that committed suicide attempt or a self-injurious behavior. The participants completed the Suicide Attempts or Self-Injurious Behavior Experiences Questionnaire of a child/family member (QETSALF6), Satisfaction with Social Support Scale and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (EADS). The results demonstrated that suicide or self-injurious behavior moderately affects the parents and other close relatives lifes, being the highest effects on health. However when compared with the other family members, the parents refer more negative effects in all dimensions of life. The satisfaction with social support correlates negatively, either with the negative effects of suicide attempt or self-injourious behavior, or with the anxiety, depressive and stress levels. Overall, we expected more negative effects of suicidal or self-injurious behaviors in family members, which seems to be contrary to the international literature. However, when analyzing the effects on the several dimensions of life according to the degree of kinship and other sociodemographic variables, the results corroborate previous studies. In addition, the results suggest that social support may play a protective role in the impact of suicidal or self-injurious behavior on the part of the family, both in terms of multiple effects in their lives and in terms of clinical symptoms. The practical implications of the study in the promotion of the mental health of young people with this type of behavior and of their relatives are also discussed.
Suicidal and self-injurious behaviors are a serious problem of public health among the young people. However, there are few empirical studies that evaluate the effects of these behaviors of young people in their family. The general objetive of this study was to know the experiences of family members before a suicide attempt or self-injurious behavior of a young close relative. More specifically, it was intend to evaluate the effects of these behaviors in the several life dimensions of family members, the clinical symptomatolgy and the role of the satisfaction with social support in this experience. The sample of this study was constitued by 18 family members (11 parents; 7 other family members) that committed suicide attempt or a self-injurious behavior. The participants completed the Suicide Attempts or Self-Injurious Behavior Experiences Questionnaire of a child/family member (QETSALF6), Satisfaction with Social Support Scale and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (EADS). The results demonstrated that suicide or self-injurious behavior moderately affects the parents and other close relatives lifes, being the highest effects on health. However when compared with the other family members, the parents refer more negative effects in all dimensions of life. The satisfaction with social support correlates negatively, either with the negative effects of suicide attempt or self-injourious behavior, or with the anxiety, depressive and stress levels. Overall, we expected more negative effects of suicidal or self-injurious behaviors in family members, which seems to be contrary to the international literature. However, when analyzing the effects on the several dimensions of life according to the degree of kinship and other sociodemographic variables, the results corroborate previous studies. In addition, the results suggest that social support may play a protective role in the impact of suicidal or self-injurious behavior on the part of the family, both in terms of multiple effects in their lives and in terms of clinical symptoms. The practical implications of the study in the promotion of the mental health of young people with this type of behavior and of their relatives are also discussed.
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Keywords
Tentativas de suicídio Comportamentos autolesivos Familiares Jovens Suporte social