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Publication
O património espeleo-arqueológico do Algarve: inventariação, caracterização e salvaguarda de cavidades cársicas com potencial arqueológico
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Abstract(s)
No presente trabalho procedeu-se à compilação, tanto quanto possível exaustiva, da
informação existente sobre as grutas rochosas naturais do Algarve e à caracterização
patrimonial de um conjunto de 135 cavidades. É proposto um modelo para a avaliação das
mesmas quanto à sua importância arqueológica, cultural (lato sensu) e natural, com base
em 14 descritores e dois sistemas alternativos de equacionamento. Essa valoração
patrimonial deu alicerces a uma padronização, também aqui proposta, das medidas de
salvaguarda a adoptar, sendo detalhadas as vias de aplicação dessas medidas no presente
quadro legal de protecção do património cultural, dos Instrumentos de Gestão Territorial
e dos procedimentos de Avaliação de Impacte Ambiental. É sugerida a classificação de 15
grutas no grau de Interesse Municipal, 4 grutas no grau de Interesse Público e, como
Monumento Nacional do património cultural, o complexo de grutas de Ibn Ammar. Embora
a metodologia desenvolvida seja particularmente dirigida ao contexto do barrocal algarvio
e ao quadro legal português, houve a preocupação de a tornar tão universal quanto
possível, tentativamente adaptável a quaisquer outros contextos cársicos.
O cruzamento metódico dos dados recolhidos em campo com os constantes da
documentação coligida possibilitou a criação de um documento - Anexo I - que é,
simultaneamente, um inventário das grutas do Algarve e um tratado do conhecimento
técnico e científico sobre as mesmas produzido ao longo do tempo. Foram identificadas
no terreno 195 cavidades, às quais acrescem as referências documentais a 42 grutas não
confirmadas in situ.
Sendo actualmente reconhecidas as virtudes da inter e pluridisciplinaridade das ciências,
a arqueologia, o património cultural e o património natural foram aqui conjugados, numa
abordagem eminentemente espeleológica. A investigação realizada conduziu à
identificação de vestígios e contextos arqueológicos relevantes em meio endocársico, dos
quais não existia registo, aumentando o conhecimento sobre esse recurso patrimonial no
Algarve, com 24 novos sítios a integrar no Sistema de Informação e Gestão Arqueológica.
In this research work we present a compilation, as exhaustive as possible, of the documented information related to natural rock cavities in the Algarve and a characterization of 135 caves. A model for the assessment of their archaeological, cultural (lato sensu) and natural importance is here proposed, based on 14 classification indicators and two alternative reckoning systems. This evaluation provides the ground for a standardization, also proposed, of the protective measures to be promoted. The conveying administrative resources are specified, within the current legal framework for the protection of cultural heritage, the Territorial Management Instruments and the Environmental Impact Assessment procedures. We suggest the classification of 15 caves within the Municipal Interest degree, 4 caves graded to the National Public Interest and the cave complex of Ibn Ammar as a National Monument of our cultural heritage. Although the endorsed methodology is mainly directed to the Algarvian “barrocal” context and the portuguese legal framework, concern was taken to make it as universal as possible, tentatively adaptable to any other karst areas. Data collected in the field was methodically cross-checked with the gathered documented information, on a case-by-case basis, allowing the production of a document - Appendix I - that is, simultaneously, an inventory of caves in the Algarve and a treatise of the scientific and technical knowledge for this matter produced over time. A total of 195 caves was referenced in the field and 42 additional caves were referred to in documents but not confirmed in situ. Presently, the virtues of inter and pluridisciplinary sciences are recognized, therefore, archeology, cultural and natural heritage were combined here, in an eminently speleological approach. The conducted investigation led to the identification of relevant archaeological vestiges and contexts, of which there was no previous record, increasing the knowledge about this resource in the Algarve, summing up 24 new sites to the Portuguese archaeological data-base.
In this research work we present a compilation, as exhaustive as possible, of the documented information related to natural rock cavities in the Algarve and a characterization of 135 caves. A model for the assessment of their archaeological, cultural (lato sensu) and natural importance is here proposed, based on 14 classification indicators and two alternative reckoning systems. This evaluation provides the ground for a standardization, also proposed, of the protective measures to be promoted. The conveying administrative resources are specified, within the current legal framework for the protection of cultural heritage, the Territorial Management Instruments and the Environmental Impact Assessment procedures. We suggest the classification of 15 caves within the Municipal Interest degree, 4 caves graded to the National Public Interest and the cave complex of Ibn Ammar as a National Monument of our cultural heritage. Although the endorsed methodology is mainly directed to the Algarvian “barrocal” context and the portuguese legal framework, concern was taken to make it as universal as possible, tentatively adaptable to any other karst areas. Data collected in the field was methodically cross-checked with the gathered documented information, on a case-by-case basis, allowing the production of a document - Appendix I - that is, simultaneously, an inventory of caves in the Algarve and a treatise of the scientific and technical knowledge for this matter produced over time. A total of 195 caves was referenced in the field and 42 additional caves were referred to in documents but not confirmed in situ. Presently, the virtues of inter and pluridisciplinary sciences are recognized, therefore, archeology, cultural and natural heritage were combined here, in an eminently speleological approach. The conducted investigation led to the identification of relevant archaeological vestiges and contexts, of which there was no previous record, increasing the knowledge about this resource in the Algarve, summing up 24 new sites to the Portuguese archaeological data-base.
Description
Keywords
Espeleoarqueologia Algarve Património endocársico Salvaguarda de grutas Gestão territorial