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Loulé do mar à terra. Estudo dos animais invertebrados da Casa das Bicas: uma visão diacrónica dos sécs. XIII ao XIX
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Abstract(s)
O sítio arqueológico da Casa das Bicas, localizado no centro histórico de Loulé, abrange vasta cronologia que se estende desde o período almóada até ao pós-moderno, destacando-se duas estruturas preservadas: os banhos islâmicos (ou hammam) e a Casa Senhorial Barreto. Com uma história que percorre as fases medieval, tardo-medieval, moderno (pré-Barreto), remodelação da Casa Barreto, ocupação da Casa Barreto, pós-Barreto (séculos XVII-XVIII) e pós-Barreto (séculos XVIII-XIX), este sítio é crucial para a história de Loulé e da região algarvia.
Esta dissertação foca-se na análise da fauna de invertebrados da Casa das Bicas, utilizando material recolhido durante escavações entre 2006 e 2019. Dado que esta fauna está presente em todas as fases de ocupação, o estudo visa caracterizar esses materiais e observar variações na sua utilização pelas comunidades humanas, incluindo aspetos alimentares e outras funções. Para a realização deste objetivo, foram observados, em particular, os dados taxonómicos, bioecológicos, quantitativos e tafonómicos.
A coleção analisada compreende mais de 16 mil restos, correspondendo a mais de 4 mil indivíduos distribuídos por seis grupos taxonómicos: bivalves, gastrópodes, crustáceos, cefalópodes, escafópodes e antozoários. A classe mais abundante é a dos bivalves, onde predominam as Ostrea edulis (ostra), Cerastoderma edule (berbigão) e Ruditapes decussatus (amêijoa-boa), variando principalmente a ordem de abundância ao longo das fases de ocupação. Os gastrópodes, divididos entre marinhos e terrestres, desempenham também papel significativo na coleção.
Não obstante as limitações impostas pela variação nas formas de recolha arqueológica, a coleção permitiu observar uma importante diversidade de táxones. Colmatando a raridade de fontes documentais históricas sobre o assunto, foi possível perceber o uso alimentar da maioria dos invertebrados marinhos e de alguns dos terrestres. Algumas espécies podem ter tido as suas partes duras, usadas como utensílios ou matéria-prima para adornos ou artefactos simbólicos. Outras ainda terão sido capturadas sem intenção ou serão intrusivas. Os vários invertebrados marinhos identificados são, na sua grande maioria, comuns na Ria Formosa ou na costa arenosa situada a sul de Loulé, e devem ter chegado à então vila pelas mesmas vias usadas para o comércio de pescado.
The archaeological site of Casa das Bicas, located in the historic centre of Loulé, encompasses a vast chronology that spans from the Almohad period to the post-modern era. The site presents two main preserved structures: the Islamic baths (or hammam) and the Barreto Manor House. This site is crucial for the history of Loulé and the Algarve region, as it possesses a large chronology, spanning from medieval, late medieval to modern (pre-Barreto), Barreto House renovation, Barreto House occupation, post-Barreto (17th-18th centuries), and post-Barreto (18th-19th centuries) phases. This dissertation focuses on the analysis of the invertebrate fauna of Casa das Bicas, using material collected during excavations between 2006 and 2019. Since this fauna is present in all phases of occupation, the study aims to characterize these materials and observe variations in their use by human communities, including dietary aspects and other functions. To achieve this objective, taxonomic, bioecological, quantitative, and taphonomic data were particularly observed. The analysed collection comprises over 16,000 remains, corresponding to more than 4,000 individuals distributed among six taxonomic groups: bivalves, gastropods, crustaceans, cephalopods, scaphopods, and anthozoans. The most abundant class is that of bivalves, with Ostrea edulis (oyster), Cerastoderma edule (cockle), and Ruditapes decussatus (clam) predominating, with the order of abundance varying mainly throughout the occupation phases. Gastropods, divided between marine and terrestrial, also play a significant role in the collection. Despite the limitations imposed by the variation in archaeological collection methods, the remains allowed for the observation of an important diversity of taxa. Addressing the scarcity of historical documentary sources on the subject, it was possible to understand the dietary use of most marine invertebrates and some terrestrial ones. Certain species may have had their hard parts used as utensils or raw material for adornments or symbolic artefacts. Others may have been unintentionally captured or are intrusive. The various identified marine invertebrates are, for the most part, common in the Ria Formosa or on the sandy coast south of Loulé, possibly arrived at the then village through the same routes used for fish trade.
The archaeological site of Casa das Bicas, located in the historic centre of Loulé, encompasses a vast chronology that spans from the Almohad period to the post-modern era. The site presents two main preserved structures: the Islamic baths (or hammam) and the Barreto Manor House. This site is crucial for the history of Loulé and the Algarve region, as it possesses a large chronology, spanning from medieval, late medieval to modern (pre-Barreto), Barreto House renovation, Barreto House occupation, post-Barreto (17th-18th centuries), and post-Barreto (18th-19th centuries) phases. This dissertation focuses on the analysis of the invertebrate fauna of Casa das Bicas, using material collected during excavations between 2006 and 2019. Since this fauna is present in all phases of occupation, the study aims to characterize these materials and observe variations in their use by human communities, including dietary aspects and other functions. To achieve this objective, taxonomic, bioecological, quantitative, and taphonomic data were particularly observed. The analysed collection comprises over 16,000 remains, corresponding to more than 4,000 individuals distributed among six taxonomic groups: bivalves, gastropods, crustaceans, cephalopods, scaphopods, and anthozoans. The most abundant class is that of bivalves, with Ostrea edulis (oyster), Cerastoderma edule (cockle), and Ruditapes decussatus (clam) predominating, with the order of abundance varying mainly throughout the occupation phases. Gastropods, divided between marine and terrestrial, also play a significant role in the collection. Despite the limitations imposed by the variation in archaeological collection methods, the remains allowed for the observation of an important diversity of taxa. Addressing the scarcity of historical documentary sources on the subject, it was possible to understand the dietary use of most marine invertebrates and some terrestrial ones. Certain species may have had their hard parts used as utensils or raw material for adornments or symbolic artefacts. Others may have been unintentionally captured or are intrusive. The various identified marine invertebrates are, for the most part, common in the Ria Formosa or on the sandy coast south of Loulé, possibly arrived at the then village through the same routes used for fish trade.
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Keywords
Algarve Arqueomalacológica Medieval-moderno Alimentação Tafonomia