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Comunidades energéticas sustentáveis: estudo de Implementação de uma comunidade eólica no Algarve
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Esta tese aborda o tema da produção de eletricidade com recurso à energia eólica,
realçando-se o seu contributo para a redução das emissões de dióxido de carbono e
demais gases causadores do efeito de estufa.
O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi o de estudar a implementação de uma unidade de
produção de eletricidade a partir da energia eólica, que permita satisfazer as
necessidades de consumo de uma pequena comunidade local, na região do Algarve, e
analisar a sua viabilidade financeira e económica. Acredita-se que este estudo possa,
também, dar algum contributo para a maior utilização das energias renováveis na
produção de eletricidade de forma descentralizada, em particular através da energia
eólica. Nesse sentido, incentiva-se a constituição de sistemas locais de produção de
eletricidade para autoconsumo de pequenas comunidades urbanas, indo ao encontro do
conceito das Renewable Energy Communities, mais especificamente das Wind
Communities.
A investigação empírica realizada, consistiu no desenvolvimento de um sistema local de
produção de eletricidade, localizado na região do Algarve, a norte de Vila do Bispo,
com base na instalação de um aerogerador de potência inferior a 100KW. Tendo por
base um consumo médio/habitação de 3,6 MWh/ano, pretendeu-se assegurar que a
produção prevista de eletricidade, a partir do aerogerador instalado, garanta o
autoconsumo da comunidade, mantendo-se, contudo, a sua ligação à rede de
distribuição do sistema global.
A partir das séries de dados de vento registadas em Sagres e próximo do local de
instalação do aerogerador, na Lagoa Funda, pela aplicação do método MCP (Measure,
Correlate and Predict), foi possível prever, para o local de instalação, o comportamento
do vento e simular o funcionamento de um aerogerador de 35KW, de um de 50KW e de
60KW de potência nominal e obter as respetivas produções anuais previstas de
eletricidade. Com base nestas previsões, desenvolveu-se um modelo de estudo, sobre o
qual se efetuou uma análise de custo-benefício, determinando-se os valores dos
indicadores de desempenho financeiro e económico considerados.
Complementarmente à análise de custo-benefício, foi avaliada a sensibilidade dos
indicadores de desempenho à variação de cada variável de input; foi efetuada uma
análise para cenários extremos de valores das variáveis de input; e, por fim, foi
realizada uma análise de risco, em que foram consideradas distribuições probabilísticas
das variáveis de input e simulados os seus efeitos nos indicadores de desempenho.
O estudo empírico realizado permitiu concluir serem financeira e economicamente
viáveis as três opções simuladas, em condições de autoconsumo da produção prevista de eletricidade, para cada caso. Estes resultados permitem, também, concluir que o
desenvolvimento de comunidades locais energeticamente sustentáveis é uma opção que
é viável e exequível na localização geográfica objeto do estudo, da região do Algarve.
This thesis deals with the theme of electricity production using wind energy systems, highlighting their contribution to the reduction of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases emissions. The main objective of this work was to study the implementation of wind energy unit that might produce electricity to supply the own consumption of a small local community in the Algarve region and evaluate it financial and economic feasibility. At same time, the study might contribute to the increased use of renewable energy in electricity production by decentralized systems, in particular from wind energy systems. In this sense, the creation of local systems of electricity production for own consumption of small urban communities is stimulated, meeting the concept of Renewable Energy Communities, specifically the Wind Communities.. The empirical research carried out consisted in the development of a local system of electricity production, located in the Algarve region, North of Vila do Bispo, based on the installation of a wind turbine to power less than 100KW. Based on an average house consumption of 3.6 MWh/year, it is intended to ensure that the electricity produced from the wind turbine guarantees the own community consumption, staying, however, connected to the distribution network of the global system From wind data series recorded at Sagres and close to the install location of the wind turbine, in Lagoa Funda and by applying the Measure-Correlate-Predict method, it was possible to predict the local behaviour of the wind and simulate the operation of a 35KW, a 50KW and a 60KW nominal power wind turbine and get the respective planned annual electricity production. Based on these forecasts, it was possible to establish a model on which was conducted a cost-benefit analysis, determining the values of the financial and economic performance indicators considered, for the three installation options. In addition to the cost-benefit analysis, it was performed the sensitivity of the financial and economic indicators to the variation of each input variable; an analysis was also carried out for extreme scenarios of values of input variables; and, finally, a risk analysis, where the probabilistic variations of input variables were simulated and evaluated their effects on the performance indicators. Based on the empirical study, it can be concluded that the three simulated options are both financial and economical viable, assuming the own consumption of the electricity produced. These results support the conclusion that the development of local renewable energy communities is a viable and feasible option in the geographical location object of the study, in the Algarve region.
This thesis deals with the theme of electricity production using wind energy systems, highlighting their contribution to the reduction of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases emissions. The main objective of this work was to study the implementation of wind energy unit that might produce electricity to supply the own consumption of a small local community in the Algarve region and evaluate it financial and economic feasibility. At same time, the study might contribute to the increased use of renewable energy in electricity production by decentralized systems, in particular from wind energy systems. In this sense, the creation of local systems of electricity production for own consumption of small urban communities is stimulated, meeting the concept of Renewable Energy Communities, specifically the Wind Communities.. The empirical research carried out consisted in the development of a local system of electricity production, located in the Algarve region, North of Vila do Bispo, based on the installation of a wind turbine to power less than 100KW. Based on an average house consumption of 3.6 MWh/year, it is intended to ensure that the electricity produced from the wind turbine guarantees the own community consumption, staying, however, connected to the distribution network of the global system From wind data series recorded at Sagres and close to the install location of the wind turbine, in Lagoa Funda and by applying the Measure-Correlate-Predict method, it was possible to predict the local behaviour of the wind and simulate the operation of a 35KW, a 50KW and a 60KW nominal power wind turbine and get the respective planned annual electricity production. Based on these forecasts, it was possible to establish a model on which was conducted a cost-benefit analysis, determining the values of the financial and economic performance indicators considered, for the three installation options. In addition to the cost-benefit analysis, it was performed the sensitivity of the financial and economic indicators to the variation of each input variable; an analysis was also carried out for extreme scenarios of values of input variables; and, finally, a risk analysis, where the probabilistic variations of input variables were simulated and evaluated their effects on the performance indicators. Based on the empirical study, it can be concluded that the three simulated options are both financial and economical viable, assuming the own consumption of the electricity produced. These results support the conclusion that the development of local renewable energy communities is a viable and feasible option in the geographical location object of the study, in the Algarve region.
Description
Tese de Doutoramento, Gestão da Inovação e do Território, Faculdade de Economia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016