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Publication
A geoarqueologia da jazida da idade da pedra superior de Txina-Txina, Massingir, Moçambique
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Abstract(s)
As alterações paleoambientais ocorridas durante o Último Máximo Glacial com mais
destaque na África Austral terão favorecido um conjunto de mudanças bioculturais e por conseguinte
ocupações de espaços. É neste sentido que o presente trabalho, sob perspectiva geoarqueológica,
apresenta os resultados de um estudo sobre as alterações paleoambientais e formação
do sítio arqueológico de Txina-Txina, Massingir, Moçambique durante a Idade da Pedra
Superior. Estudos anteriores e de caráter regional sustentam a hipótese de que Moçambique é
um corredor biocultural, por ser um país que se localiza entre duas regiões onde foram descobertos
restos fósseis dos humanos anatomicamente modernos associados à um conjunto de materiais
artefatuais.
Para testar a hipótese supra mencionada, o trabalho centrou a atenção em uso de indicadores
sedimentológicos, geoquímicos e arqueológicos, para compreender a história do processo
de formação do sítio de Txina-Txina. Este estudo contribui ainda para o aumento do conhecimento
sobre as alterações paleoambientais ocorridas nesta área e os seus impactos sobre a evolução
do comportamento dos humanos anatomicamente modernos.
Concluiu-se, através das análises dos indicadores geoarqueológicos, que o sítio de
Txina-Txina, apresenta depósitos fluviais na sua base que foram cobertos principalmente por
depósitos coluviais (intercalados por alguns depósitos fluviais) que contêm horizontes arqueológicos
datados desde há ca. de 32 000 anos. Assim, verificou-se que este sítio foi ocupado
tanto em períodos quentes e húmidos como em frios e secos.As evidências arqueológicas mostram
que os humanos anatomicamente modernos que habitaram Txina-Txina se adaptaram a
esses ambientes explorando os ecossistemas terrestres e fluviais, evidenciando, assim, resiliência às alterações paleoambientais.
The paleoenvironmental changes that occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum with more prominence in Southern Africa avoured a set of biocultural changes and therefore occupations of spaces. The present work, from a geoarchaeological perspective, presents the results of a study on paleoenvironmental changes and formation of the archaeological site of Txina-Txina, Massingir, Mozambique during Late Stone Age. Previous regional studies support the hypothesis that Mozambique is a biocultural corridor, as it is a country located between two regions where fossil remains of anatomically modern humans were discoveries in association with a set of artifactual materials. To test the above mentioned hypothesis, the work focused attention on the use of sedimentological, geochemical and archaeological, proxies, in order to understand the history Txina-Txina site formation process. This study will also contribute to the increase of knowledgement about the paleoenvironmental changes occurred in this area and their impacts on the evolution anatomicaly modern humans behaviour. It was concluded,through the analysis of geoarchaeological proxies, that Txina-Txina site presents fluvial deposits in its base that were mainly covered by colluvial deposits (interspersed by some fluvial deposits) that contain archaeological horizons dated since ca. 32 000 years ago. Thus the site was occupied both in warm and wet, and cold and arid periodsArchaeological evidence shows that the anatomically modern humans who inhabited Txina-Txina adapted to these environments exploring both terrestrial and fluvial ecosystems, thus showing resilience to paleoenvironmental changes.
The paleoenvironmental changes that occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum with more prominence in Southern Africa avoured a set of biocultural changes and therefore occupations of spaces. The present work, from a geoarchaeological perspective, presents the results of a study on paleoenvironmental changes and formation of the archaeological site of Txina-Txina, Massingir, Mozambique during Late Stone Age. Previous regional studies support the hypothesis that Mozambique is a biocultural corridor, as it is a country located between two regions where fossil remains of anatomically modern humans were discoveries in association with a set of artifactual materials. To test the above mentioned hypothesis, the work focused attention on the use of sedimentological, geochemical and archaeological, proxies, in order to understand the history Txina-Txina site formation process. This study will also contribute to the increase of knowledgement about the paleoenvironmental changes occurred in this area and their impacts on the evolution anatomicaly modern humans behaviour. It was concluded,through the analysis of geoarchaeological proxies, that Txina-Txina site presents fluvial deposits in its base that were mainly covered by colluvial deposits (interspersed by some fluvial deposits) that contain archaeological horizons dated since ca. 32 000 years ago. Thus the site was occupied both in warm and wet, and cold and arid periodsArchaeological evidence shows that the anatomically modern humans who inhabited Txina-Txina adapted to these environments exploring both terrestrial and fluvial ecosystems, thus showing resilience to paleoenvironmental changes.
Description
Keywords
Geoarqueologia Idade da pedra superior Formação de sítio arqueológico Alterações paleoambientais