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Relação entre o tempo de ecrã e a qualidade do sono na atenção e funções executivas de crianças com PHDA, em idade escolar
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| 5.28 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
Enquadramento teórico: A Perturbação de Hiperatividade e Défice de Atenção (PHDA) é uma perturbação do neurodesenvolvimento de incidência global, com prevalência de aproximadamente 7.6% entre crianças de 3 e 12 anos. Estudos recentes apontam para a relação entre o tempo de ecrã, a qualidade do sono e os sintomas de desatenção e funções executivas (FEs) em crianças com PHDA. O uso excessivo de dispositivos eletrónicos tem sido associado a uma menor qualidade do sono, o que pode agravar sintomas de desatenção e impulsividade. Essas variáveis interagem de forma negativa, exacerbando os sintomas da PHDA e comprometendo o desenvolvimento cognitivo. Investigar essas relações é essencial para desenvolver intervenções eficazes que melhorem a qualidade de vida de crianças com PHDA. Este estudo tem com objetivo examinar se a PHDA em crianças explica significativamente a variação nos padrões de qualidade do sono, tempo de ecrã e atenção/funções executivas e explorar as relações entre os padrões de qualidade do sono, tempo de ecrã e atenção/funções executivas em crianças com e sem PHDA, em idade escolar.
Metodologia: A amostra de conveniência deste estudo transversal correlacional inclui 36 participantes, com idades compreendidas entre os 7 e os 12 anos. Foram utilizados questionários de autopreenchimento para recolha de dados sociodemográficos, sobre a qualidade do sono e sobre o tempo de ecrã, testes neuropsicológicos da componente de atenção/funções executivas da BANC, além de uma tarefa Go/No-go desenvolvida pelo investigador.
Resultados: Foi possível observar diferenças significativas entre grupos no teste de Cancelamento de Sinais (BANC) e Memória de Dígitos (WISC-III). No GC observaram-se correlações significativas entre a qualidade do sono e tempo de ecrã; e FVS e TSD. E correlações significativas no GPHDA entre TSD e o tempo de ecrã; FVF e IPS; FVF e tempo de ecrã; Trilhas A e tempo de ecrã; e entre a tarefa Go/No-go e TSD.
Discussão: Apesar das diferenças significativas identificadas, os resultados não confirmam as hipóteses formuladas, pois a maioria das variáveis analisadas não mostrou diferenças significativas em atenção e funções executivas entre os grupos. Além disso, não foram observadas diferenças significativas nas escalas do CSHQ-PT sobre qualidade do sono ou no tempo de ecrã entre indivíduos com e sem PHDA.
Theoretical Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a globally prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder, affecting approximately 7.6% of children aged 3 to 12 years. Recent studies highlight the relationship between screen time, sleep quality, and symptoms of inattention and executive functions (EFs) in children with ADHD. Excessive use of electronic devices has been associated with poorer sleep quality, which can exacerbate symptoms of inattention and impulsivity. These variables interact negatively, worsening ADHD symptoms and compromising cognitive development. Investigating these relationships is essential for developing effective interventions to improve the quality of life for children with ADHD. This study aims to examine whether ADHD in children significantly explains the variation in sleep quality patterns, screen time, and attention/executive functions, and to explore the relationships between sleep quality patterns, screen time, and attention/executive functions in school-aged children with and without ADHD. Methodology: The convenience sample for this correlational cross-sectional study includes 36 participants aged 7 to 12 years. Self-report questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic data, information on sleep quality, and screen time, alongside neuropsychological tests assessing attention/executive functions from the BANC, as well as a Go/No-go task developed by the researcher. Results: Significant differences were observed between groups in the Signal Cancellation test (BANC) and Digit Span test (WISC-III). In the control group (CG), significant correlations were found between sleep quality and screen time; and FVS and TSD. Significant correlations in the ADHD group (GPHDA) were noted between TSD and screen time; FVF and IPS; FVF and screen time; Trails A and screen time; and between the Go/No-go task and TSD. Discussion: Despite the significant differences identified, the results do not confirm the formulated hypotheses, as most analyzed variables did not show significant differences in attention and executive functions between groups. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in the CSHQ-PT scales regarding sleep quality or screen time between individuals with and without ADHD.
Theoretical Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a globally prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder, affecting approximately 7.6% of children aged 3 to 12 years. Recent studies highlight the relationship between screen time, sleep quality, and symptoms of inattention and executive functions (EFs) in children with ADHD. Excessive use of electronic devices has been associated with poorer sleep quality, which can exacerbate symptoms of inattention and impulsivity. These variables interact negatively, worsening ADHD symptoms and compromising cognitive development. Investigating these relationships is essential for developing effective interventions to improve the quality of life for children with ADHD. This study aims to examine whether ADHD in children significantly explains the variation in sleep quality patterns, screen time, and attention/executive functions, and to explore the relationships between sleep quality patterns, screen time, and attention/executive functions in school-aged children with and without ADHD. Methodology: The convenience sample for this correlational cross-sectional study includes 36 participants aged 7 to 12 years. Self-report questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic data, information on sleep quality, and screen time, alongside neuropsychological tests assessing attention/executive functions from the BANC, as well as a Go/No-go task developed by the researcher. Results: Significant differences were observed between groups in the Signal Cancellation test (BANC) and Digit Span test (WISC-III). In the control group (CG), significant correlations were found between sleep quality and screen time; and FVS and TSD. Significant correlations in the ADHD group (GPHDA) were noted between TSD and screen time; FVF and IPS; FVF and screen time; Trails A and screen time; and between the Go/No-go task and TSD. Discussion: Despite the significant differences identified, the results do not confirm the formulated hypotheses, as most analyzed variables did not show significant differences in attention and executive functions between groups. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in the CSHQ-PT scales regarding sleep quality or screen time between individuals with and without ADHD.
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Keywords
PHDA Atenção Funções executivas Tempo de ecrã Qualidade do sono Crianças