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A iconografia de África na cartografia portuguesa no início da Idade Moderna (sécs. XV e XVI)
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Abstract(s)
A Cartografia tem sido alvo de inúmeros estudos, investigações e debates ao longo dos séculos, seja pela sua história ou pela influência que teve em momentos marcantes da Humanidade. Durante os Descobrimentos, a cartografia foi uma das ferramentas de orientação das navegações, e consequentemente, um meio de expressão das novas descobertas. No impulsionar da Era dos Descobrimentos, a imagem passou a ter um peso intrínseco às cartas, uma vez que estas representavam, geralmente, interesses político-religiosos, interesses nacionais, ou interesses de cariz social.
A iconografia, por sua vez, na forma de iluminuras e miniaturas pintadas nos pergaminhos com as partes do mundo se queria representar já desenhada, foi recorrente na cartografia medieval e manteve-se até à Modernidade, muitas vezes evidenciando as novas descobertas, mas quase sempre interpretativa num dado contexto ou espaço geopolítico, evidenciando uma linha unilateral e uma leitura enviesada dos mapas. Simultaneamente, a empresa dos descobrimentos portugueses auxiliou-se da cartografia para mapear, representar e ilustrar as terras e povos recém-descobertos, exaltando cada vez mais a conquista de territórios antes desconhecidos. A presente tese pretende demonstrar como a cartografia quinhentista serviu para legitimar as conquistas e empresas ao longo da costa africana, mas também para dar a conhecer ao Ocidente uma parte até então pouco conhecida. O objetivo será estudar o caso africano recorrendo às imagens, mitos e iluminuras presentes na cartografia portuguesa, enquanto elementos de expressão artística, mas também de representação socio-político-religiosa da África subsaariana, na ótica europeia.
Cartography has been the subject of countless studies, investigations and debates over the centuries, both because of its history and because of the influence it has had on key moments in humanity's history. During the Age of Discovery, cartography was one of the tools used to guide navigations and, consequently, a means of expressing new discoveries. In the wake of the Age of Discovery, images became an intrinsic part of the charts, since they generally represented religious-political interests, national interests or social interests. Iconography, in turn, in the form of illuminations and miniatures painted on parchments with the parts of the world that were to be represented already drawn, was recurrent in medieval cartography and remained until modern times, often highlighting new discoveries, but almost always interpretative in a given context or geopolitical space, showing a unilateral and bias line of map reading. At the same time, the portuguese discovery endeavour relied on cartography to map, represent and illustrate the newly discovered lands and natives, increasingly exalting the conquest of the territory of the antipodes. This thesis aims to demonstrate how 16th century cartography served to legitimise the conquests and enterprise along the African coast, but also to make known to the ecumenical world a part of it that had hitherto been little known. The aim will be to study the African case using images, myths and illuminations present in Portuguese cartography as elements of artistic expression, but also of socio-political-religious representation of sub-Saharan Africa from a European perspective.
Cartography has been the subject of countless studies, investigations and debates over the centuries, both because of its history and because of the influence it has had on key moments in humanity's history. During the Age of Discovery, cartography was one of the tools used to guide navigations and, consequently, a means of expressing new discoveries. In the wake of the Age of Discovery, images became an intrinsic part of the charts, since they generally represented religious-political interests, national interests or social interests. Iconography, in turn, in the form of illuminations and miniatures painted on parchments with the parts of the world that were to be represented already drawn, was recurrent in medieval cartography and remained until modern times, often highlighting new discoveries, but almost always interpretative in a given context or geopolitical space, showing a unilateral and bias line of map reading. At the same time, the portuguese discovery endeavour relied on cartography to map, represent and illustrate the newly discovered lands and natives, increasingly exalting the conquest of the territory of the antipodes. This thesis aims to demonstrate how 16th century cartography served to legitimise the conquests and enterprise along the African coast, but also to make known to the ecumenical world a part of it that had hitherto been little known. The aim will be to study the African case using images, myths and illuminations present in Portuguese cartography as elements of artistic expression, but also of socio-political-religious representation of sub-Saharan Africa from a European perspective.
Description
Keywords
História da cartografia Iconografia Descobrimentos Cartógrafos portugueses Século XVI África