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Estudo experimental com estratégias de focalização e distração no manejo do processamento pós-evento em universitários com sintomas de ansiedade social
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Abstract(s)
O processamento pós-evento (PEP) trata-se de um processo persistente, ruminativo e voltado aos aspetos negativos de uma interação social. Este é considerado um dos fatores de manutenção da Perturbação de Ansiedade Social (PAS). Provas empíricas sobre técnicas e estratégias eficientes para a diminuição desse processamento ainda são consideradas restritas na literatura, fazendo-se necessária mais investigações voltadas sobre formas tratamento para essa demanda. Objetivo: Essa presente investigação teve como principal objetivo analisar e comparar de forma experimental os efeitos da utilização de três estratégias cognitivas: foco em aspetos positivos (FP), foco em aspetos negativos (FN) e distração (D) após uma manipulação experimental em laboratório. Fatores como memórias, afetos e a durabilidade do PEP nos indivíduos foram investigados e comparados a partir de suas condições. Método: Participantes universitários (n=30) com níveis elevados de ansiedade social (AS) realizaram uma tarefa de desempenho em um ambiente experimental e foram distribuídos de forma aleatória as suas respetivas condições. Posteriormente, pensamentos negativos, humor, níveis de ansiedade cognitiva e emocional, memórias e níveis de PEP foram mensurados. Os participantes registraram durante sete dias após o experimento em laboratório seus níveis de PEP. Resultados: Observou-se que a FN resultou na evocação de memórias ansiosas, negativas e negativas e produzindo menos pensamentos positivos em relação aos demais grupos. Nos sete dias posteriores ao experimento presencial, notou-se que a estratégia de D foi mais eficaz na diminuição da durabilidade do PEP, em comparação a FN. Conclusões: Este estudo contribui no desenvolvimento de técnicas que diminuam o PEP em pessoas que sofrem com a PAS. A distração e focalização em aspetos positivos demonstraram ser mais satisfatórias na redução à curto-tempo da ruminação cognitiva negativa.
Post-event processing (PEP) is a persistent, ruminative process and focused on the negative aspects of social interaction. This is considered one of the factors that maintain Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). Empirical evidence on efficient techniques and strategies for reducing this processing is still considered restricted in the literature, further investigations into ways of treating this demand are needed. Objective: This research aimed to analyze and compare experimentally the effects of using three cognitive strategies: focus on positive aspects (FP), focus on negative aspects (FN) and distraction (D) after experimental manipulation in the laboratory. Factors such as memories, affections and the durability of PEP in individuals were investigated and compared based on their conditions. Method: University participants (n = 30) with high levels of social anxiety (AS) performed a performance task in an experimental environment and were randomly distributed their respective conditions. Subsequently, negative thoughts, mood, cognitive and emotional anxiety levels, memories and PEP levels were measured. Participants recorded their PEP levels for seven days after the laboratory experiment. Results: It was observed that the FN resulted in the evocation of anxious, negative and negative memories and producing less positive thoughts in relation to the others groups. In the seven days after the face-to-face experiment, it was noted that D's strategy was more effective in decreasing the durability of PEP, compared to FN. Conclusions: This study contributes in the development of techniques that decrease PEP in people suffering from SAD. Distraction and focusing on positive aspects proved to be more satisfactory in the short-term reduction of negative cognitive rumination.
Post-event processing (PEP) is a persistent, ruminative process and focused on the negative aspects of social interaction. This is considered one of the factors that maintain Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). Empirical evidence on efficient techniques and strategies for reducing this processing is still considered restricted in the literature, further investigations into ways of treating this demand are needed. Objective: This research aimed to analyze and compare experimentally the effects of using three cognitive strategies: focus on positive aspects (FP), focus on negative aspects (FN) and distraction (D) after experimental manipulation in the laboratory. Factors such as memories, affections and the durability of PEP in individuals were investigated and compared based on their conditions. Method: University participants (n = 30) with high levels of social anxiety (AS) performed a performance task in an experimental environment and were randomly distributed their respective conditions. Subsequently, negative thoughts, mood, cognitive and emotional anxiety levels, memories and PEP levels were measured. Participants recorded their PEP levels for seven days after the laboratory experiment. Results: It was observed that the FN resulted in the evocation of anxious, negative and negative memories and producing less positive thoughts in relation to the others groups. In the seven days after the face-to-face experiment, it was noted that D's strategy was more effective in decreasing the durability of PEP, compared to FN. Conclusions: This study contributes in the development of techniques that decrease PEP in people suffering from SAD. Distraction and focusing on positive aspects proved to be more satisfactory in the short-term reduction of negative cognitive rumination.
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Keywords
Ansiedade Pós-evento Afeto Focalização Memória