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Avaliação do ciclo de vida no tratamento de águas residuais da ETAR de Albufeira e ETAR de Vale Faro no concelho de Albufeira, Algarve - Portugal
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Authors
Abstract(s)
O tratamento das águas residuais através de Estações de Tratamento de Águas Residuais (ETAR) é imprescindível para reduzir a concentração de poluentes, através da minimização e/ou eliminação das impurezas físicas, químicas e biológicas, de forma a não representar riscos para a saúde da população. Por isso, o objetivo principal deste estudo é avaliar os impactes ambientais decorrente do tratamento das águas residuais urbanas no concelho de Albufeira, através do processo de exploração da ETAR de Albufeira Poente e ETAR de Vale Faro, instalações responsáveis por aproximadamente 85% do tratamento das águas residuais na região. Esses processos de tratamento são avaliados a partir de períodos distintos: antes da pandemia, ano de 2019, e durante a pandemia Covid-19, período de abril de 2020 a março de 2021; para identificar a ETAR com maior impacte ambiental e a interferência da pandemia na prestação deste serviço. A identificação dos impactes ambientais foi realizada através da técnica de Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV), uma ferramenta de suporte à manutenção de Sistemas de Gestão Ambiental nas organizações, suportada neste estudo pelo software SimaPro. Foi definida como unidade funcional (UF) 1 m³ do caudal, a fronteira de estudo foi restrita as delimitações físicas das ETAR, de portão ao portão (gate to gate) e como fronteira geográfica Portugal. Os métodos TRACI e PEF foram aplicados e considerados para a realização da ACV. A análise de sensibilidade também foi realizada para medir as incertezas, variando o resultado significativo (energia) ±10%, ±20% e ±30%. Após a comparação das duas ETAR, verificou-se que o impacte ambiental da ETAR de Vale Faro é superior ao da ETAR de Albufeira Poente. A redução sazonal da população provocada pela pandemia contribuiu para redução do impacte ambiental apenas na ETAR de Albufeira Poente, enquanto a ETAR de Vale Faro demonstrou não sofrer influência sazonal da população no que concerne aos impactes ambientais oriundos do seu processo de tratamento.
Wastewater treatment through Wastewater Treatment Plants (ETAR) is indispensable for reducing the concentration of pollutants by minimizing or eliminating physical, chemical and biological impurities in order to prevent risks for the population's health. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the environmental impact of the urban at the Albufeira county through the process of exploration of both the Albufeira Poente and Vale Faro ETAR installations which are responsible for treating approximately 85% of the volume of wastewater in the region. The water treatment processes are evaluated based on distinct time periods: before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the COVID-19 pandemic from April 2020 to March 2021 to identify the ETAR with the most environmental impact as well as the impact the pandemic had on the quality of the services offered by the ETAR. The environmental impact was measured using the life cycle assessment technique (ACV), a tool for Environmental Management System support through the SimaPro software having defined a functional unit (UF) as 1m³ of the water throughput. The scope of this study was limited to the physical delimitations of the ETAR from gate to gate and within the geographical boundaries of Portugal. The methods TRACI and PEF were applied and considered while performing the ACV. The sensibility analysis was also performed to measure uncertainty, with a variation of the significant results (energy) of ±10%, ±20% e ±30%. After evaluating both ETARs, it was determined that the environmental impact of the Vale Faro ETAR was superior that of the Albufeira Poente ETAR. The decrease in seasonal population caused by the pandemic contributed to the reduction of the environmental impact only in the Albufeira Poente ETAR while the Vale Faro ETAR did not display any impact related to the seasonal population with regards to the residual water treatment process.
Wastewater treatment through Wastewater Treatment Plants (ETAR) is indispensable for reducing the concentration of pollutants by minimizing or eliminating physical, chemical and biological impurities in order to prevent risks for the population's health. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the environmental impact of the urban at the Albufeira county through the process of exploration of both the Albufeira Poente and Vale Faro ETAR installations which are responsible for treating approximately 85% of the volume of wastewater in the region. The water treatment processes are evaluated based on distinct time periods: before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the COVID-19 pandemic from April 2020 to March 2021 to identify the ETAR with the most environmental impact as well as the impact the pandemic had on the quality of the services offered by the ETAR. The environmental impact was measured using the life cycle assessment technique (ACV), a tool for Environmental Management System support through the SimaPro software having defined a functional unit (UF) as 1m³ of the water throughput. The scope of this study was limited to the physical delimitations of the ETAR from gate to gate and within the geographical boundaries of Portugal. The methods TRACI and PEF were applied and considered while performing the ACV. The sensibility analysis was also performed to measure uncertainty, with a variation of the significant results (energy) of ±10%, ±20% e ±30%. After evaluating both ETARs, it was determined that the environmental impact of the Vale Faro ETAR was superior that of the Albufeira Poente ETAR. The decrease in seasonal population caused by the pandemic contributed to the reduction of the environmental impact only in the Albufeira Poente ETAR while the Vale Faro ETAR did not display any impact related to the seasonal population with regards to the residual water treatment process.
Description
Keywords
Avaliação do ciclo de vida Estação de tratamento de águas residuais Impacte ambiental Sistema de gestão ambiental e simapro