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O Impacto da valência emocional, excitação e da vinculação na formação de memórias falsas
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Abstract(s)
Na literatura alguns estudos têm explorado o impacto da valência emocional e da excitação no processo de formação das memórias falsas. Entretanto, poucos exploram a associação entre as memórias falsas e o estilo de vinculação de cada indivíduo. Por isso o nosso objetivo foi compreender os efeitos da valência emocional, da excitação e da vinculação na suscetibilidade a produção de memórias falsas através de 67 participantes (46 mulheres e 21 homens), com idades entre os 18 e os 51 anos. Recorremos ao paradigma da desinformação como tarefa para avaliar a suscetibilidade a formação de memórias falsas através da exposição a desinformação, reconhecendo a diferença entre detalhes periféricos e centrais do contexto, utilizamos dois instrumentos de autorrelato: para avaliar a ativação emocional no contexto da primeira tarefa e outro para a vinculação no adulto. Os resultados apontam que as imagens negativas induziram um número significativamente maior de memórias falsas em comparação com imagens positivas ou neutras. Perante cenários negativos, a alta excitação reduziu a suscetibilidade a formação de memórias falsas quando há a desinformação, enquanto em cenários positivos, a alta excitação aumentou essa suscetibilidade. Por outro lado, quando não há a exposição a desinformação, as imagens positivas reduziram a susceptibilidade a memórias falsas. Em contrapartida não houve associação entre estilo de vinculação inseguro e a propensão para a produção de memórias falsas. Em síntese, os resultados deste estudo contribuíram para compreensão dos mecanismos que implicam a formação de memórias falsas, assim como do nível de influência da valência e da excitação nesta falha. Ainda que não tenham sido encontrados resultados significativos associados a vinculação, é proposto que a temática seja explorada em estudos futuros, com o intuito de reconhecer diferenças individuais que contribuam para a formação de memórias falsas.
In the literature, some studies have explored the impact of emotional valence and arousal on the process of false memory formation. However, few explore the association between false memories and each individual's attachment style. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the effects of emotional valence, arousal and attachment on the susceptibility to the production of false memories through 67 participants (46 women and 21 men), aged between 18 and 51 years. We used the misinformation paradigm as a task to assess the susceptibility to the formation of false memories through exposure to misinformation, recognizing the difference between peripheral and central details of the context. We used two self-report instruments: one to assess emotional activation in the context of the first task and another for attachment in adults. The results indicate that negative images induced a significantly greater number of false memories compared to positive or neutral images. In negative scenarios, high arousal reduced the susceptibility to the formation of false memories when there is misinformation, while in positive scenarios, high arousal increased this susceptibility. On the other hand, positive images reduced the susceptibility to false memories when there is no exposure to misinformation. In contrast, there was an association between an insecure attachment style and the propensity to produce false memories. In summary, the results of this study contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms that imply the formation of false memories, as well as the level of influence of valence and arousal in this failure. Although no significant results associated with attachment were found, it is proposed that the theme be explored in future studies, with the aim of recognizing individual differences that contribute to the formation of false memories.
In the literature, some studies have explored the impact of emotional valence and arousal on the process of false memory formation. However, few explore the association between false memories and each individual's attachment style. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the effects of emotional valence, arousal and attachment on the susceptibility to the production of false memories through 67 participants (46 women and 21 men), aged between 18 and 51 years. We used the misinformation paradigm as a task to assess the susceptibility to the formation of false memories through exposure to misinformation, recognizing the difference between peripheral and central details of the context. We used two self-report instruments: one to assess emotional activation in the context of the first task and another for attachment in adults. The results indicate that negative images induced a significantly greater number of false memories compared to positive or neutral images. In negative scenarios, high arousal reduced the susceptibility to the formation of false memories when there is misinformation, while in positive scenarios, high arousal increased this susceptibility. On the other hand, positive images reduced the susceptibility to false memories when there is no exposure to misinformation. In contrast, there was an association between an insecure attachment style and the propensity to produce false memories. In summary, the results of this study contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms that imply the formation of false memories, as well as the level of influence of valence and arousal in this failure. Although no significant results associated with attachment were found, it is proposed that the theme be explored in future studies, with the aim of recognizing individual differences that contribute to the formation of false memories.
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Keywords
Memórias falsas Vinculação Emoções