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Publication
Uso eficiente da água em zonas urbanas: otimização da pegada hídrica
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.37 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Abstract(s)
O crescimento demográfico das últimas décadas, principalmente nas áreas urbanas, e os atuais estilos de vida, têm levado a consumos de água cada vez maiores e com usos mais diversos. Os recursos hídricos nunca sofreram tanta pressão antrópica. A procura de novas origens de água e o seu uso eficiente são imperativos, e o cidadão comum deve ser consciencializado da importância das suas ações diárias. O conceito da Pegada Hídrica pode servir de instrumento para mostrar à população a quantidade de água que utiliza no seu dia a dia, de forma pouco eficiente. Os mais jovens, atraídos pelas novas tecnologias de comunicação, estarão fortemente recetivos à utilização de novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação, neste caso, para o cálculo da sua Pegada Hídrica. O Projeto ECH2O - ÁGUA procura contribuir para o uso eficiente da água, utilizando uma Comunidade Experimental, envolvendo atores de várias faixas etárias e profissões, em escolas, lares de idosos e residências habitacionais. Foi feito um reconhecimento de cada Comunidade Experimental e instalados dispositivos de redução de caudal em autoclismos, chuveiros e torneiras. Verificou-se que considerando o valor aferido para a Pegada Hídrica – Consumo Direto é 216 ±92 L, cerca de dez vezes menor do que o Consumo Indireto. A quantidade de água poupada com a instalação dos redutores de caudal, pode corresponder a um volume muito significativo, sobretudo em cenários de escassez. Conseguiram-se reduções médias de caudal de 29 % nos autoclismos, 44 % nos chuveiros e 45 % nas torneiras. Disponibilizou-se online um formulário para o cálculo da Pegada Hídrica, para funcionar como ferramenta de alerta para os desperdícios de água e para a necessidade da sua poupança. A Pegada Hídrica calculada com base nos 193 inquéritos preenchidos e validados foi similar a outras obtidas anteriormente em Portugal e noutros países. Fizeram-se várias sessões públicas de divulgação do ECH2O – ÁGUA durante o período da sua execução. Na fase final implementou-se um website responsivo, que passou a permitir o cálculo imediato da Pegada Hídrica, para divulgação de ideias chave sobre o uso eficiente da água
During the last decades the demographic growth, especially in urban areas, and the lifestyle, increased the water consumption and diversified the uses. Water resources have never been so pressed by anthropogenic activities. The search for new water sources and the practices of efficient use are imperative. The common people should believe in the importance of their daily actions. The concept of Water Footprint can be used as a tool to show how we can save water in our daily actions. Young people, attracted by new communication technologies, will be strongly receptive to the use of new electronic tools, in this case to calculate the Water Footprint. The ECH2O - ÁGUA Project seeks to contribute to the efficient use of water, using an Experimental Community, involving of various age groups of persons with different professions, in schools, nursing homes and residences. It was characterized each Experimental Community and installed flow reduction devices in flush toilets, showers and taps. According the results of this study the Water Footprint - Direct Consumption is about 216 ± 92 L, ten times lower than Indirect Consumption. After the installation of the flow reduction devices, the amount of water saved can correspond to a very significant volume, especially in scarcity scenarios. Average flow reductions of 29 % were achieved in flush toilets, 44 % in showers and 45 % in taps. A Water Footprint calculation form is available online to act as a warning tool for water waste and to the need for water savings. The Water Footprint calculated based on the 193 completed and validated surveys was, similar to others previously obtained in Portugal and in other countries. Several ECH2O - ÁGUA public dissemination sessions were held during the Project period. To disseminate key ideas on the water efficient use, in the last phase of the ECH2O - ÁGUA, was implemented a responsive website, allowing the immediate calculation of the Water Footprint.
During the last decades the demographic growth, especially in urban areas, and the lifestyle, increased the water consumption and diversified the uses. Water resources have never been so pressed by anthropogenic activities. The search for new water sources and the practices of efficient use are imperative. The common people should believe in the importance of their daily actions. The concept of Water Footprint can be used as a tool to show how we can save water in our daily actions. Young people, attracted by new communication technologies, will be strongly receptive to the use of new electronic tools, in this case to calculate the Water Footprint. The ECH2O - ÁGUA Project seeks to contribute to the efficient use of water, using an Experimental Community, involving of various age groups of persons with different professions, in schools, nursing homes and residences. It was characterized each Experimental Community and installed flow reduction devices in flush toilets, showers and taps. According the results of this study the Water Footprint - Direct Consumption is about 216 ± 92 L, ten times lower than Indirect Consumption. After the installation of the flow reduction devices, the amount of water saved can correspond to a very significant volume, especially in scarcity scenarios. Average flow reductions of 29 % were achieved in flush toilets, 44 % in showers and 45 % in taps. A Water Footprint calculation form is available online to act as a warning tool for water waste and to the need for water savings. The Water Footprint calculated based on the 193 completed and validated surveys was, similar to others previously obtained in Portugal and in other countries. Several ECH2O - ÁGUA public dissemination sessions were held during the Project period. To disseminate key ideas on the water efficient use, in the last phase of the ECH2O - ÁGUA, was implemented a responsive website, allowing the immediate calculation of the Water Footprint.
Description
Keywords
Uso eficiente da água Redutores de caudal Pegada hídrica ECH2O–ÁGUA