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Silicose: conhecimentos e perceções dos trabalhadores da construção civil
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A silicose é uma doença ocupacional pulmonar, irreversível e possivelmente fatal, que se desenvolve após exposições à sílica cristalina no ambiente de trabalho ao longo do tempo. Em Portugal, apesar de estar listada como doença profissional e possuir um número considerável de trabalhadores reformados por conta da incapacitação causada por esta, não possui nenhuma medida efetiva de combate e conscientização da população de risco. O presente estudo foi conduzido em um estaleiro de uma obra de remodelação em Albufeira, objetivando-se a identificação e descrição de comportamentos e práticas de segurança e conhecimentos sobre os riscos para a saúde associados à sílica e verificação de diferenças nos mesmos de acordo com características profissionais e sociodemográficas. Para a concretização disto, foi efetuada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a temática e a elaboração de um questionário de 20 perguntas, onde trinta trabalhadores de variadas funções e tempo de trabalho na construção civil responderam-no em formato de entrevista. Por meio das respostas obtidas e quando comparadas à literatura disponível sobre o assunto, foi possível observar que muitos dos entrevistados não utilizam os equipamentos de proteção obrigatórios, nem possuíam conhecimento sobre a doença, seus respetivos sintomas e maneiras de evitar a geração e inalação da poeira de sílica. Recomenda-se expandir o estudo para amostras maiores e mais diversificadas, além de aumentar a conscientização da população a respeito da doença. Para tal, tanto o governo quanto entidades patronais precisam tomar medidas, como a fiscalização dos níveis de exposição, oferecer formações e materiais didáticos e de divulgação, a utilização de equipamentos para a diminuição de poeiras e realização de exames médicos periodicamente. Apenas a partir da adoção de tais medidas haverá, a longo prazo, a diminuição no número de doentes e, consequentemente, de gastos com a saúde pública com uma doença completamente evitável.
Silicosis is an irreversible and possibly fatal occupational lung disease that develops due to prolonged exposure to crystalline silica in the workplace. In Portugal, despite being listed as an occupational disease, a considerable number of workers retired due to the incapacitation caused by it. Although there is no effective measure to prevent it, increasing awareness among works exposed to silicosis has been proven effective against the imminent risk. A study was conducted at a construction site in Albufeira aiming to identify and inform about safety behaviors and practices and to analyze the knowledge about the health risks associated with silica according to professional and sociodemographic characteristics. To achieve this, a bibliographical review was carried out on the subject and a questionnaire with 20 questions was prepared, where thirty workers, from different areas and experience in construction, answered it in an interview format. By the obtained answers, it was possible to observe that many of the interviewees neither use mandatory protective equipment nor have knowledge about the disease, including symptoms and ways to avoid generating and inhaling silica dust. It is recommended to expand the study to larger and more diverse samples, in addition to increase awareness of the disease. To this end, both the government and employers need to take measures, such as to monitor exposure levels, to offer training and educational and promotional materials, to provide the righteous collective and personal protective equipment and to periodically carry out medical examinations. It is only through the adoption of such measures that, in the long term, there will be a decrease in the number of patients and, consequently, expenses in public health due to this completely preventable disease
Silicosis is an irreversible and possibly fatal occupational lung disease that develops due to prolonged exposure to crystalline silica in the workplace. In Portugal, despite being listed as an occupational disease, a considerable number of workers retired due to the incapacitation caused by it. Although there is no effective measure to prevent it, increasing awareness among works exposed to silicosis has been proven effective against the imminent risk. A study was conducted at a construction site in Albufeira aiming to identify and inform about safety behaviors and practices and to analyze the knowledge about the health risks associated with silica according to professional and sociodemographic characteristics. To achieve this, a bibliographical review was carried out on the subject and a questionnaire with 20 questions was prepared, where thirty workers, from different areas and experience in construction, answered it in an interview format. By the obtained answers, it was possible to observe that many of the interviewees neither use mandatory protective equipment nor have knowledge about the disease, including symptoms and ways to avoid generating and inhaling silica dust. It is recommended to expand the study to larger and more diverse samples, in addition to increase awareness of the disease. To this end, both the government and employers need to take measures, such as to monitor exposure levels, to offer training and educational and promotional materials, to provide the righteous collective and personal protective equipment and to periodically carry out medical examinations. It is only through the adoption of such measures that, in the long term, there will be a decrease in the number of patients and, consequently, expenses in public health due to this completely preventable disease
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Keywords
Silicose Portugal Ssílica Conscientização Poeira