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Marcadores linguísticos da mudança em psicoterapia: uma análise quantitativa do discurso emocional e reflexivo em momentos de reestruturação emocional num caso de sucesso e num de insucesso
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Este estudo exploratório e comparativo teve como objetivo analisar marcadores linguísticos da mudança em psicoterapia, comparando dois casos clínicos de psicoterapia individual com desfechos terapêuticos opostos: um caso de sucesso e outro de insucesso. Realizou-se uma análise quantitativa de transcrições de sessões de psicoterapia correspondentes a momentos de reestruturação emocional. Foi utilizado o software LIWC-22 (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count) para quantificar a percentagem de palavras associadas a variáveis linguísticas como a linguagem emocional (termos positivos e negativos), a linguagem reflexiva (indicadores de insight e causalidade), o uso de pronomes pessoais e o foco temporal (referências a passado, presente e futuro). Os resultados revelaram diferenças marcantes entre os casos. No caso de sucesso, observou-se uma evolução positiva da linguagem emocional (aumento de termos positivos), com maior foco no presente, menor autorreferência e um equilíbrio progressivo entre cognição e emoção. Em contraste, o caso de insucesso apresentou um uso quantitativamente maior de termos emocionais e reflexivos, porém exibiu padrões linguísticos instáveis, marcados por evitamento emocional e raciocínio defensivo. Conclui-se que, mais do que a presença isolada de certos marcadores linguísticos, é a evolução contextualizada desses marcadores, articulada à subjetividade do cliente, que melhor sinaliza a mudança terapêutica no decorrer do processo.
This exploratory and comparative study aimed to analyze linguistic markers of change in psychotherapy by comparing two individual cases with contrasting therapeutic outcomes: one successful and one unsuccessful. A quantitative analysis was conducted on transcripts of psychotherapy sessions corresponding to moments of emotional restructuring. LIWC-22 (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count) software and the SCOT coding system were used to assess linguistic variables such as emotional language (positive and negative terms), reflective language (insight and causality indicators), use of personal pronouns, and temporal focus (past, present, and future). The findings revealed marked differences between the two cases. The successful case showed a positive progression in emotional language (increased use of positive terms), greater present focus, reduced self-referential language, and a progressive balance between cognition and emotion. In contrast, the unsuccessful case exhibited a higher quantitative use of emotional and reflective language but with unstable patterns marked by emotional avoidance and defensive reasoning. These results suggest that, rather than the isolated presence of specific linguistic markers, it is their contextualized evolution—aligned with the client’s subjectivity—that best signals therapeutic change.
This exploratory and comparative study aimed to analyze linguistic markers of change in psychotherapy by comparing two individual cases with contrasting therapeutic outcomes: one successful and one unsuccessful. A quantitative analysis was conducted on transcripts of psychotherapy sessions corresponding to moments of emotional restructuring. LIWC-22 (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count) software and the SCOT coding system were used to assess linguistic variables such as emotional language (positive and negative terms), reflective language (insight and causality indicators), use of personal pronouns, and temporal focus (past, present, and future). The findings revealed marked differences between the two cases. The successful case showed a positive progression in emotional language (increased use of positive terms), greater present focus, reduced self-referential language, and a progressive balance between cognition and emotion. In contrast, the unsuccessful case exhibited a higher quantitative use of emotional and reflective language but with unstable patterns marked by emotional avoidance and defensive reasoning. These results suggest that, rather than the isolated presence of specific linguistic markers, it is their contextualized evolution—aligned with the client’s subjectivity—that best signals therapeutic change.
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Psicoterapia Linguagem emocional Insight Análise linguística LIWC Mudança terapêutica