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Publication
Farmacoterapia do cancro do pulmão
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Abstract(s)
As doenças oncológicas são consideradas a segunda causa de morte em todo o mundo. Apresentando o cancro do pulmão, uma elevada taxa de mortalidade, que advém, principalmente, dos estilos de vida e de fatores ambientais e ocupacionais a que a população está exposta. Para além disso, a sintomatologia associada ao cancro do pulmão, surge de uma forma inespecífica e impercetível, levando a que sejam feitos diagnósticos tardios, quando já estão presentes metástases. Por essa razão, é importante que sejam realizados rastreios e diagnósticos precoces, para detetar precocemente o cancro do pulmão e, determinar qual o tratamento mais adequado à situação.
O cancro do pulmão é dividido em dois tipos histológicos principais, sendo estes o cancro do pulmão de não pequenas células e o cancro do pulmão de pequenas células. Dentro destes dois, ainda são divididos em diferentes subtipos de acordo com o perfil molecular. Os algoritmos de tratamentos têm uma elevada complexidade devido ao facto de o cancro do pulmão apresentar uma grande heterogeneidade molecular. Os tratamentos disponíveis são locais, tal como a cirurgia e a radioterapia ou sistémicos, que podem ser a quimioterapia (p. ex., derivados da platina), imunoterapia (p. ex., anticorpos monoclonais) ou terapia direcionada (p. ex., inibidores da tirosina quinase).
Devido à complexidade desta doença oncológica, é de realçar a necessidade urgente de se adquirir novas estratégias contra o cancro do pulmão, de forma a melhorar a sobrevida e a qualidade dos doentes.
Oncological diseases are considered the second leading cause of death worldwide. Lung cancer, in particular, presents a high mortality rate, mainly due to lifestyle, environmental, and occupational factors to which the population is exposed. Additionally, the symptoms associated with lung cancer appear in a nonspecific and imperceptible manner, leading to late diagnoses, often when metastases are already present. For this reason, it is important to conduct screenings and early diagnoses to detect lung cancer at an early stage and determine the most appropriate treatment for the situation. Lung cancer is divided into two main types, namely: non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. These two types are further divided into different subtypes based on molecular profile. The treatment algorithms are highly complex due to the molecular heterogeneity of lung cancer. The available treatments are either local, such as surgery and radiotherapy, or systemic, which may include chemotherapy (e.g., platinum-based drugs), immunotherapy (e.g., monoclonal antibodies), or targeted therapy (e.g., tyrosine kinase inhibitors). Given the complexity of this oncological disease, it is crucial to emphasize the urgent need for new strategies against lung cancer to improve patients' survival and quality of life.
Oncological diseases are considered the second leading cause of death worldwide. Lung cancer, in particular, presents a high mortality rate, mainly due to lifestyle, environmental, and occupational factors to which the population is exposed. Additionally, the symptoms associated with lung cancer appear in a nonspecific and imperceptible manner, leading to late diagnoses, often when metastases are already present. For this reason, it is important to conduct screenings and early diagnoses to detect lung cancer at an early stage and determine the most appropriate treatment for the situation. Lung cancer is divided into two main types, namely: non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. These two types are further divided into different subtypes based on molecular profile. The treatment algorithms are highly complex due to the molecular heterogeneity of lung cancer. The available treatments are either local, such as surgery and radiotherapy, or systemic, which may include chemotherapy (e.g., platinum-based drugs), immunotherapy (e.g., monoclonal antibodies), or targeted therapy (e.g., tyrosine kinase inhibitors). Given the complexity of this oncological disease, it is crucial to emphasize the urgent need for new strategies against lung cancer to improve patients' survival and quality of life.
Description
Keywords
Cancro do pulmão Fisiopatologia Farmacoterapia Medidas não farmacológicas