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A fauna malacológica do Poço Antigo (Cacela-a-Velha): aproveitamento e gestão pelas comunidades medievais islâmicas
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Abstract(s)
Esta dissertação visa aprofundar o conhecimento das dinâmicas socioculturais das comunidades medievais islâmicas no Garb al-Andalus, através da análise do conjunto
malacológico do sítio do Poço Antigo (Cacela-a-Velha). Além disso, pretende-se contextualizar a importância desse estudo no âmbito da arqueologia islâmica e história da
região, proporcionando outras perspetivas sobre os hábitos alimentares, atividades económicas e interações sociais destas comunidades ao longo do tempo. Assim sendo, serão apresentados os resultados da análise dos moluscos e outros invertebrados recolhidos nas campanhas arqueológicas de 2018 e 2019. Na sua maioria, os materiais foram depositados durante a ocupação Almóada (séculos XII-XIII) do bairro situado na zona externa às muralhas de Cacela-a-Velha (Fase I) ou num momento já de abandono do bairro com ocupações esporádicas do mesmo (Fase II). O estudo incidiu na identificação taxonómica dos materiais (+45 kg), processos tafonómicos mais evidentes e integração ecológica. Foram determinados mais de 27 mil restos e a lista taxonómica obtida é muito vasta, com mais de 50 espécies. A maioria seriam bivalves com uso alimentar, como é o caso do Donax trunculus (conquilha), da Ruditapes decussatus (amêijoa-boa), da Cerastoderma edule (berbigão) e da Ostrea edulis (ostra plana europeia). Algumas outras espécies terão tido utilizações diferentes, como as Glycymeris spp. (castanholas) e o Pecten maximus (vieira) que possivelmente foram utilizadas como recipientes. Em relação aos gastrópodes, estes apresentam-se em menor número, a sua utilização pode ter sido tanto alimentar como decorativa ou até
mesmo intrusões no contexto arqueológico. A coleção está em moderado estado de preservação, com fragmentação significativa. Os poucos indícios de carbonização, sugerem um processamento rápido dos alimentos, consumidos em cru ou passados levemente pelo fogo. A presença de restos de moluscos ocorre regularmente em contextos arqueológicos do Garb al-Andalus, o que atesta o seu consumo regular e a utilização das suas conchas para propósitos não-alimentares.
This dissertation aims to deepen the understanding of the socio-cultural dynamics of medieval Islamic communities in Garb al-Andalus, through the analysis of the malacological sample obtained from the site of Poço Antigo (Cacela-a-Velha). Additionally, it seeks to contextualize the importance of this study within the scope of Islamic archaeology and the history of the region, providing alternative perspectives on the dietary habits, economic activities, and social interactions of these communities over time. Therefore, the results of the analysis of molluscs and other invertebrates collected during the archaeological campaigns of 2018 and 2019 will be presented. Most of the materials were deposited during the Almohad occupation (12th-13th centuries) of the neighborhood located outside the walls of Cacela-a-Velha (Phase I) or during a period when the neighborhood was already abandoned, with occasional occupations (Phase II). The study focused on the taxonomic identification of the materials (+45 kg), the most evident taphonomic processes and ecological integration. Over 27 thousand remains were determined, and the taxonomic list obtained is very extensive, with over 50 species. A majority would be bivalves that have been used for dietary purposes, such as the Donax trunculus (conquer), the Ruditapes decussatus (good clam), the Cerastoderma edule (cockle), and the Ostrea edulis (european flat oyster). Some other species may have had different uses, such as the dog cockle (Glycymeris spp.) and great scallop (Pecten maximus), which were used as containers. As for gastropods, they are less numerous, and their use could have been either dietary, decorative, or even intrusions into the archaeological context. The collection is in a moderate state of preservation, with significant fragmentation. The few indications of carbonization, suggest rapid food processing, consumed raw or lightly cooked. The presence of mollusc remains regularly occurs in archaeological contexts of Garb al- Andalus, which attests to their regular consumption and the use of their shells for nondietary purposes.
This dissertation aims to deepen the understanding of the socio-cultural dynamics of medieval Islamic communities in Garb al-Andalus, through the analysis of the malacological sample obtained from the site of Poço Antigo (Cacela-a-Velha). Additionally, it seeks to contextualize the importance of this study within the scope of Islamic archaeology and the history of the region, providing alternative perspectives on the dietary habits, economic activities, and social interactions of these communities over time. Therefore, the results of the analysis of molluscs and other invertebrates collected during the archaeological campaigns of 2018 and 2019 will be presented. Most of the materials were deposited during the Almohad occupation (12th-13th centuries) of the neighborhood located outside the walls of Cacela-a-Velha (Phase I) or during a period when the neighborhood was already abandoned, with occasional occupations (Phase II). The study focused on the taxonomic identification of the materials (+45 kg), the most evident taphonomic processes and ecological integration. Over 27 thousand remains were determined, and the taxonomic list obtained is very extensive, with over 50 species. A majority would be bivalves that have been used for dietary purposes, such as the Donax trunculus (conquer), the Ruditapes decussatus (good clam), the Cerastoderma edule (cockle), and the Ostrea edulis (european flat oyster). Some other species may have had different uses, such as the dog cockle (Glycymeris spp.) and great scallop (Pecten maximus), which were used as containers. As for gastropods, they are less numerous, and their use could have been either dietary, decorative, or even intrusions into the archaeological context. The collection is in a moderate state of preservation, with significant fragmentation. The few indications of carbonization, suggest rapid food processing, consumed raw or lightly cooked. The presence of mollusc remains regularly occurs in archaeological contexts of Garb al- Andalus, which attests to their regular consumption and the use of their shells for nondietary purposes.
Description
Keywords
Cacela-a-Velha Poço antigo Zooarqueologia Malacofauna Medieval islâmico