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Acontecimentos de vida negativos e ideação suicida: o papel moderador do otimismo em jovens universitários
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Abstract(s)
O suicídio é um processo complexo, que se inicia com a ideação suicida e pode terminar no ato suicida. É um grave problema de saúde pública, sendo a quarta maior causa de morte entre os jovens a nível internacional e a segunda principal nos estudantes universitários. Destaca-se a importância de compreender o papel dos fatores de risco e protetores, de modo a implementar estratégias preventivas eficazes. Os acontecimentos de vida negativos (AVN) têm sido identificados como fatores de risco significativos para a ideação suicida. Contudo, a literatura é parca e inconsistente sobre o papel moderador de fatores protetores, como o otimismo, na mitigação do impacto dos AVN na ideação suicida. O presente estudo pretende analisar a relação entre a história de AVN e a ideação suicida e se o otimismo disposicional poderá funcionar como um moderador na relação entre estas duas variáveis.
Participaram 80 estudantes universitários, entre os 18 e os 30 anos, que responderam a um Questionário Sociodemográfico, ao Inventário de Ideação Suicida Positiva e Negativa, ao Questionário de Trauma de Infância – Versão breve e ao Teste de Orientação de Vida – Revisto através de uma plataforma digital de recolha de dados.
Os resultados indicam que os AVN predizem significativamente a ideação suicida. Verifica-se também que o otimismo se relaciona de forma negativa e significativa com a ideação suicida e que o otimismo não modera a relação entre os AVN e a ideação suicida.
Na globalidade, os resultados foram ao encontro da literatura, enaltecendo que os AVN conferem risco para a ideação suicida e que o otimismo age como um fator protetor, embora não tenha um papel moderador. Conclui-se assim que tanto os AVN, quanto o otimismo estão inversamente associados com a ideação suicida. A vivência de AVN está associada a um aumento significativo nos níveis de ideação suicida, enquanto maiores níveis de otimismo estão relacionados a menores níveis de ideação suicida. Neste sentido, é essencial promover programas de apoio e intervenção que visam fortalecer o otimismo como parte da promoção da saúde mental.
Suicide is a complex process that begins with suicidal ideation and may culminate in suicidal acts. It is a serious public health issue, ranking as the fourth leading cause of death among young people worldwide and the second leading cause among university students. Understanding the role of risk and protective factors is crucial for implementing effective preventive strategies. Negative life events (NLEs) have been identified as significant risk factors for suicidal ideation. However, the literature is scarce and inconsistent regarding the moderating role of protective factors, such as optimism, in mitigating the impact of NLEs on suicidal ideation. This study aims to examine the relationship between a history of NLEs and suicidal ideation and whether dispositional optimism may function as a moderator in the relationship between these two variables. Eighty university students aged 18 to 30 participated in this study. They completed a Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Suicidal Ideation Inventory, a Brief Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and the Revised Life Orientation Test through a digital data collection platform. The results indicate that NLEs significantly predict suicidal ideation. Furthermore, optimism is negatively and significantly related to suicidal ideation, but optimism does not moderate the relationship between NLEs and suicidal ideation. Overall, the findings align with the existing literature, highlighting that NLEs pose a risk for suicidal ideation and that optimism acts as a protective factor, although it does not have a moderating role. Therefore, it can be concluded that both NLEs and optimism are inversely associated with suicidal ideation. Experience of NLEs is linked to a significant increase in suicidal ideation levels, while higher levels of optimism are associated with lower levels of suicidal ideation. It is essential to promote support and intervention programs aimed at strengthening optimism as part of mental health promotion.
Suicide is a complex process that begins with suicidal ideation and may culminate in suicidal acts. It is a serious public health issue, ranking as the fourth leading cause of death among young people worldwide and the second leading cause among university students. Understanding the role of risk and protective factors is crucial for implementing effective preventive strategies. Negative life events (NLEs) have been identified as significant risk factors for suicidal ideation. However, the literature is scarce and inconsistent regarding the moderating role of protective factors, such as optimism, in mitigating the impact of NLEs on suicidal ideation. This study aims to examine the relationship between a history of NLEs and suicidal ideation and whether dispositional optimism may function as a moderator in the relationship between these two variables. Eighty university students aged 18 to 30 participated in this study. They completed a Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Suicidal Ideation Inventory, a Brief Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and the Revised Life Orientation Test through a digital data collection platform. The results indicate that NLEs significantly predict suicidal ideation. Furthermore, optimism is negatively and significantly related to suicidal ideation, but optimism does not moderate the relationship between NLEs and suicidal ideation. Overall, the findings align with the existing literature, highlighting that NLEs pose a risk for suicidal ideation and that optimism acts as a protective factor, although it does not have a moderating role. Therefore, it can be concluded that both NLEs and optimism are inversely associated with suicidal ideation. Experience of NLEs is linked to a significant increase in suicidal ideation levels, while higher levels of optimism are associated with lower levels of suicidal ideation. It is essential to promote support and intervention programs aimed at strengthening optimism as part of mental health promotion.
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Keywords
Ideação suicida Acontecimentos de vida negativos Otimismo Estudantes universitários Jovens-adultos Saúde mental