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Estratégias para aumentar a resiliência ao fogo florestal: caso de estudo da freguesia de Alferce, Monchique
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Abstract(s)
A dissertação de mestrado em Arquitetura Paisagista, intitulada "Estratégias para aumentar a resiliência ao fogo florestal na freguesia de Alferce, Monchique" aborda a crescente ameaça de incêndios florestais em Portugal, com foco nesta região. Considera-se que os incêndios são ocorrências naturais em regiões de clima mediterrâneo, associados à propensão dos ecossistemas presentes para este fenómeno. No entanto, é de referir a intensificação destes devido ao abandono rural, envelhecimento populacional e mudanças climáticas, gerando preocupações significativas. O estudo tem como objetivo principal o desenvolvimento de uma proposta estratégica para aumentar a resiliência aos incêndios florestais de aglomerados rurais, proporcionando mais qualidade de vida aos residentes na aldeia de Alferce.
A dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito do Projeto BRIDGE, uma colaboração entre a Universidade do Algarve, o Instituto Superior Técnico e o Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia. A pesquisa abrangeu várias etapas, começando com uma pesquisa bibliográfica detalhada para analisar estratégias de mitigação de incêndios. Além disso, uma caracterização fisiográfica do território de Alferce foi realizada, identificando fatores geográficos e topográficos relevantes. Para compreender as perspetivas da população local foram conduzidos inquéritos em duas etapas: um pré-teste com 15 participantes para aprimorar a abordagem, seguido por um inquérito abrangente com 52 participantes. Uma análise dos materiais construtivos de 50 casas de Alferce também foi realizada, para perceber o nível de vulnerabilidade das edificações.
Com base nessas informações foram elaboradas duas propostas de intervenção, a primeira foi à escala do território, ordenando uma área circundante da aldeia de Alferce e identificando os melhores usos do solo para diminuir a vulnerabilidade do aglomerado rural, a segunda foi à escala da habitação identificando os materiais construtivos mais resilientes aos fogos e ações de intervenção na sua envolvente que podem aumentar a taxa de sobrevivência da habitação em um possível episódio de incêndio, contribuindo para a mitigação de incêndios e para a resiliência da freguesia.
The master's thesis in Landscape Architecture, entitled "Strategies to increase resilience to forest fires in the parish of Alferce, Monchique" addresses the growing threat of forest fires in Portugal, with a focus on this region. Fires are considered to b e natural occurrences in regions with a Mediterranean climate, associated with the propensity of the ecosystems present for this phenomenon. However, their intensification due to rural abandonment, population ageing and climate change is generating signifi cant concerns. Its main objective is to develop a strategic proposal to increase the resilience of rural settlements to forest fires, providing a better quality of life for residents in the village of Alferce. The dissertation was developed as part of the "BRIDGE Project", a collaboration between the University of the Algarve, the Instituto Superior Técnico and the National Civil Engineering Laboratory, funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology. The re search covered several stages, starting with a detailed bibliographical survey to analyse fire mitigation strategies. In addition, a physiographic characterisation of the Alferce territory was carried out, identifying relevant geographical and topographica l factors. To understand the perspectives of the local population, surveys were conducted in two stages: a pre test with 15 participants to refine the approach, followed by a comprehensive survey with 52 participants. An analysis of the construction materi als of 50 houses in Alferce was also carried out to understand the level of vulnerability of the buildings. Based on this information, two intervention proposals were drawn up, the first on a territorial scale, organising an area around the village of Alferce and identifying the best land uses to reduce the vulnerability of the rural agglomeration, the second on a housing scale, identifying the most fire resilient building materials and intervention actions in their surroundings that could increase the survival rate of the house in a possible fire episode, contributing to fire mitigation and the resilience of the village.
The master's thesis in Landscape Architecture, entitled "Strategies to increase resilience to forest fires in the parish of Alferce, Monchique" addresses the growing threat of forest fires in Portugal, with a focus on this region. Fires are considered to b e natural occurrences in regions with a Mediterranean climate, associated with the propensity of the ecosystems present for this phenomenon. However, their intensification due to rural abandonment, population ageing and climate change is generating signifi cant concerns. Its main objective is to develop a strategic proposal to increase the resilience of rural settlements to forest fires, providing a better quality of life for residents in the village of Alferce. The dissertation was developed as part of the "BRIDGE Project", a collaboration between the University of the Algarve, the Instituto Superior Técnico and the National Civil Engineering Laboratory, funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology. The re search covered several stages, starting with a detailed bibliographical survey to analyse fire mitigation strategies. In addition, a physiographic characterisation of the Alferce territory was carried out, identifying relevant geographical and topographica l factors. To understand the perspectives of the local population, surveys were conducted in two stages: a pre test with 15 participants to refine the approach, followed by a comprehensive survey with 52 participants. An analysis of the construction materi als of 50 houses in Alferce was also carried out to understand the level of vulnerability of the buildings. Based on this information, two intervention proposals were drawn up, the first on a territorial scale, organising an area around the village of Alferce and identifying the best land uses to reduce the vulnerability of the rural agglomeration, the second on a housing scale, identifying the most fire resilient building materials and intervention actions in their surroundings that could increase the survival rate of the house in a possible fire episode, contributing to fire mitigation and the resilience of the village.
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Keywords
Incêndios florestais Mitigação de incêndios Resiliência ao fogo Alferce Monchique Estratégias sustentáveis