CCM2-Artigos (em revistas ou actas indexadas)
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- Inversions dominate evolution in the european sardine (sardina pilchardus) amid strong gene flowPublication . Sabatino, Stephen J.; Cabezas, M. Pilar; Pereira, Paulo; Garrido, Susana; Santos, António M.; Carneiro, Miguel; Santos, Paulo T.; Louro, Bruno; Cox, Cymon; Canario, Adelino; Veríssimo, AnaInversions can play key roles in the genetic architecture of adaptation, but the scale of their effects across different species remains poorly understood. Here, we use whole-genome sequencing and demographic modelling to investigate the influence of inversions on the population genomics of the r-selected European sardine (Sardina pilchardus). Allele frequency differences from millions of SNPs across 34 populations spanning the species' range were analysed. Genomic scans identified several extreme outlier regions overlapping large inversions (29–52Mbp), collectively representing over half the genome. Our findings suggest these inversions correlate with locally adapted life-history strategies. First, SNPs within outlier regions containing inversions exhibited striking allele frequency differences between Atlantic and Mediterranean sardines, which differ in key adaptive life-history traits. In the Atlantic, inversion allele frequencies varied latitudinally, while in the Mediterranean, they shifted longitudinally, aligning with temperature and oceanographic features that influence sardine life-history strategies. Moreover, adjacent populations in contrasting environments exhibited pronounced differences in inversion allele frequencies, accompanied by a marked reduction in migration between them. In contrast, spatial patterns at neutral loci showed widespread gene flow, isolation by distance within basins, and population structure between Atlantic and Mediterranean basins (except for the Canary Islands). These results suggest that the inversions studied are under selection and demonstrate the capacity of large inversions to shape genomewide patterns of genetic diversity and population structure in species characterized by widespread gene flow. Our work also offers crucial insights for stock delimitation and management of this commercially valuable species in the face of climate change.
- Developing productivity and susceptibility attributes towards a rapid management-risk assessment of seaweedPublication . Milla-Figueras, David; Torres, P.; Botelho, A. Z.; Larrea, A.; Parente, M. I.; Afonso, P.The challenge of balancing conservation with sustainable use of marine resources faced by fisheries managers is quite often constrained by limited data on key species. This has become particularly true in the case of seaweed, which provide essential habitats for a diverse range of species in marine ecosystems and have long been valued by humans as food or, more recently, for their industrial applications. The expanding seaweed industry relies heavily on harvesting but historical declines in seaweed populations raise concerns over sustainability, leveraged by a general data-poor scenario for these species. To address this, we propose adapting the Productivity and Susceptibility Analysis (PSA) method—traditionally used in fishery assessments—for seaweeds. This novel approach incorporates the unique biology of seaweeds, including growth, reproduction, and susceptibility to environmental changes and harvesting practices, to evaluate their vulnerability. We applied this adapted PSA framework to a case study of seaweed harvesting in the Azores Archipelago, mid-north Atlantic, demonstrating its applicability in future science-based seaweed fisheries management srtategies. Among the 18 species studied, we identified five of high vulnerability (Cystoseira pustulata, Fucus spiralis, Gongolaria abies-marina, Laminaria ochroleuca, and Ericaria selaginoides). Our adapted PSA framework also considers local ecological impacts, stakeholder input, and relevant environmental factors, providing targeted management recommendations. While such a PSA does not replace stock assessments, it serves as a valuable risk assessment tool, identifying species needing greater management attention despite data limitations. Ultimately, this framework supports local, national and international policy and management measures, contributing to the conservation of coastal marine ecosystems.
- First record of the diatom pathogen Diatomophthora perforans cf. subsp. 2 pleurosigmae (Oomycota) from the Mediterranean microphytobenthosPublication . Scholz, Bettina; Grammatiki, Kleopatra; Avramidi, Eleni; Lymperaki, Myrsini; Resaikos, Vasilis; Papatheodoulou, Magdalene; Küpper, Frithjof C.Knowledge about pathogens of diatoms and macroalgae in the Mediterranean is scarce. This paper reports the first record of the oomycete Diatomophthora perforans subsp. pleurosigmae infecting the Mediterranean microphytobenthic diatom Pleurosigma cf. intermedium, which was detected in the context of marine environmental surveys of the brine outfalls of two seawater desalination plants.
- The potential fish provisioning services of vegetated and unvegetated habitat in a lagoon nurseryPublication . Erzini, Karim; Sadat, Zineb; Bentes, Luis; Coelho, Rui; Lino, Pedro; Monteiro, Pedro; Oliveira, Frederico; Ribeiro, Joaquim; Gonçalves, Jorge M.S.The potential fish provisioning services of the Ria Formosa lagoon (Portugal) were calculated for single cohorts of 7 commercially fished species, based on densities of juveniles sampled with beach seines on a monthly basis over a 17-month period at 41 locations. The potential maximum yield per recruit (F0.1 criteria) was calculated for vegetated (V) and unvegetated (UV) habitat for low and high natural mortality values. Vegetated habitat enhanced yield (g m− 2 ) of 5 of the 7 species, with the greatest enhancement for the herbivore Sarpa salpa (137 and 150 fold for low and high M). At F0.1, the calculated total potential yield of the 7 cohorts was 463 tons (low M) and 333 tons (high M), worth EUR 5,649,084 and 3,651,881, respectively. Mean annual landings of the 7 species from 1997 to 2017 ranged from 407 to 577 tons, with a mean of 495 tons (s.e. = 11.1), highlighting the importance of the lagoon nursery as a major source of recruits for local small-scale coastal fisheries. The methodology used here is the first to calculate the potential maximum yield and the corresponding fishing mortality (F0.1) for single cohorts and for different habitats within an important fish nursery. It provides more realistic values of potential fish provisioning services and economic contribution to local fisheries than studies that do not consider fishing mortality.
- Letter to the editor: robustness of osteoporosis risk prediction models with enhanced statistical analysesPublication . Pires de Carvalho, Filipe Ricardo; Gavaia, PauloIn response to Oka et al.’s letter, we conducted additional statistical analyses to validate the robustness of our osteoporosis risk prediction model using NHANES 2007–2014 data (n = 7924). We evaluated 10 key predictors through Spearman’s rho, Kendall’s tau, Mutual Information (MI), and Total Correlation. Weight (BMX_BMXWT) and arm circumference (BMX_BMXARMC) showed strong negative correlations with osteoporosis risk (rho: 0.49, 0.47, p < 1e-270; MI: 0.17, 0.15), while age (DEMO_RIDAGEYR) exhibited a positive correlation (rho: 0.33, p < 1e-128; MI: 0.08). Total Correlation (32.68) confirmed significant multivariate interactions among predictors. These findings reinforce the model’s predictive strength, addressing Oka et al.’s recommendations and affirming the importance of anthropometric and demographic factors in osteoporosis risk assessment.
- Environmental impact of brine from desalination plants on marine benthic diatom diversityPublication . Grammatiki, K.; Jonge, N. de; Nielsen, J. L.; Scholz, B.; Avramidi, E.; Lymperaki, Myrsini; Hesselsøe, M.; Xevgenos, Dimitris; Küpper, F. C.Benthic diatoms are sensitive indicators of environmental conditions at the seabed. In this study, benthic diatom communities at two brine outfall sites of reverse osmosis (RO) seawater desalination plants in Larnaca and Dhekelia, Cyprus, were investigated using a classical, microscopy-based approach and environmental DNA metabarcoding. In general, the diversity of diatoms measured by both methods (microscopy and eDNA metabarcoding), increased by distance from the brine discharge. Increased TOC and nutrient enrichment at brine outfalls contributed to decreased diatom diversity at the Larnaca outfalls, but the diatom diversity at Dhekelia was not driven by abiotic factors. The diatom communities at the outfalls were shown to be distinct and showed temporal variation across the sampling seasons with eDNA metabarcoding, but this was the case only for Dhekelia with microscopy. The results highlight the effect of local biogeography and different brine mixing methods on diatom diversity. The results revealed that conventional morphological methods and eDNA metabarcoding rarely leads to similar conclusions. However, the complementary results emphasise that more information can be derived when combining the methods for biodiversity impact assessments.
- Network analysis reveals humans as top predators and the key role of cuttlefish in the food web structure of a marine protected area (Arrábida Natural Park)Publication . Vinagre, Catarina; Almeida, Luis Pedro; Ronquillo, Pilar; Alegria Mendonça, Vanessa Sofia; Frade, Duarte; Gonçalves, Emanuel J.; Erzini, Karim; Serrao, Ester A.The marine protected area (MPA) of the Arrábida Natural Park is a mid-latitude hotspot for biodiversity. To understand its trophic structure, a highly defined food web network was assembled for this ecosystem, consisting of 884 taxa. Network analysis showed that humans are the top predators, as well as various seabirds, dolphins and sharks. This web is dominated by intermediate species, and its general organization follows previously reported patterns for other marine and coastal ecosystems. Two swimming crabs, Polybius navigator and Polybius henslowii, assume important roles as mid-trophic level consumers and prey, due to their high connectivity in the network. The cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, a cephalopod of high commercial value, assumes the most pivotal role in the network, as it is the species with the highest number of prey and is among the top 10 most highly connected species (with more links to other species). Additionally, the cuttlefish is among the species with shortest path length, that is the lowest number of links connecting it to any other species. Since, this cephalopod is highly mobile and extends its territory outside the MPA, into the Sado estuary, where it is the main target of local fisheries, and is exposed to various pollution sources, close monitoring the local population of cuttlefish is of the utmost importance, not only in the Arrabida ´ MPA but also in the adjacent Sado estuary.
- Mollusc epifaunal assemblages are simplified due to habitat shifts under ocean acidificationPublication . Martins, Gustavo M.; Jiménez Herrero, Javier; Canella, Cristina; Ávila, Sérgio P.; Prestes, Afonso; Ramos, Joana Barcelos e; Hall-Spencer, Jason M.; Faria, JoãoOcean acidification can have profound effects on marine organisms, particularly those that rely on calcium carbonate for shell and skeleton formation, resulting in structural changes to marine ecosystems. Here, we contrast the structure of marine mollusc communities (epifauna) associated with an abundant shallow-water macroalga, Halopteris scoparia, in an area with seawater carbonated by natural CO2 seeps and three reference sites, off the Azores archipelago. Epifaunal mollusc abundance and diversity were significantly lower at the CO2 seep compared to reference sites whilst species accumulation curves and Jaccard multivariate analyses showed that the mollusc assemblage was consistently less diverse at the CO2 seep. Most of the abundant epifaunal species that were present at the CO2 seep were also found at reference sites, but less common or rare species were generally absent from the former. We conclude that while some molluscs are likely to cope with ocean acidification, the overall biodiversity of epifaunal molluscs will be simplified under these conditions in a future ocean.
- Early career ocean professionals' declaration on ocean negative carbon emissions for our ocean and future.Publication . Li, Shenghui; Addey, Charles I.; Roman, Raphaël; Hayashida, Hakase; Jiang, Chunhua; Hu, Chen; Coronado-Álvarez, Luz de Lourdes Aurora; Lim, Hyung-Gyu; Akmal, Surya Gentha; Orji, Chukwuka Moses; Arora, Parth; Li, Ruiqi; Pm, Sohan; Adesina, Rasheed B.; Lindemann, Christian; Ma, Deqiang; Sarkar, Saydul; Mascioni, Martina; Monteiro, Thiago; Liu, Chao; Ojwala, Renis Auma; Tabilog, Matthew Vincent; Roeroe, Kakaskasen Andreas; Oladejo, Hafeez O.; Daramola, Samuel O.; Da Costa, Delio; Guo, Ting; Chicaiza-Ortiz, Cristhian; Adebiyi, Abiola A.; Ahmed, Md Rasel; Baloch, Aidah; Andueza, Santiago Thomé; Ansong, Joseph Kofi; Appalanaidu, Sura; Asif, Furqan; Awa, Andrew Taylor; Baguya, Elnalee; Batista, Matheus; Benedict, Okeke Ebuka; Bobby, Fulton; Busumprah, Peter Teye; Cardoso, Marta; de Oliveira Carvalho, Andréa da Consolação; Crea, Terrence Daniel; Channimol, Ky; Cheah, Wee; Chinwendu, Igbodiegwu Gloria; Dinoi, Alessia; Egbe, King-James I; Eshun, Joseph; Gaitan Espitia, Juan Diego; Essel, Dorcas Akua; Fox, Natalie; Fraser, Kate; Gaglioti, Martina; Gerbrand, Koren; Gusatu, Laura; Hernández Contreras, Diego Alexander; Iradukunda, Theddy-Michel; Khalfan, Zahor Mwalim; Khatib, Laura; Kim, Minkyoung; Koch, Marta; Liu, Jihua; Mandal, Shailendra K; Manivong, Soukphansa; McAteer, Benedict; Mgbechidinma, Chiamaka Linda; Ngo, Thuy Hao; Nirmale, Manasi Suhas; Noonan Birch, Ronnie; Oginni, Tolulope E; Olalekan, Isa Elegbede; Offei-Darko, Lord; Puigcorbé, Viena; Gandhi, Rishi Rajendra; Rozaimi, Mohammad; Sanganyado, Edmond; Sengupta, Debarati; Singh, Priyatma; Sridhar, Dumpala; Sunanda, N.; Tailor, Falguni; Tintoré, Beatriz; Ugochukwu, Okoli Moses; Uthaipan, Khanittha; Vargas-Fonseca, O Alejandra; Verma, Anmol; Vives, Clara R.; Wallschuss, Sina; Wang, Lin; Wang, Yuhao; Wang, Yuntao; Meng, Yabing; Schoenbeck, María; Yan, Wei; Yen, Hanna; Luo, TingweiThis paper highlights the urgent need to accelerate research and action on ocean carbon sinks through human intervention, known as the Global Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions (Global-ONCE) Programme, as a vital strategy in global efforts to mitigate climate change. Achieving "net zero" by 2050 cannot rely on emission reductions alone, emphasizing the necessity of complementary approaches. Global-ONCE's mission extends beyond scientific exploration. It embodies a profound commitment to protecting and restoring blue carbon ecosystems, as well as implementing ocean-based solutions that are sustainable, equitable, and inclusive. Early career ocean professionals (ECOPs) are at the heart of these efforts, and their innovative approaches, technical expertise, and passion make them indispensable leaders in advancing ONCE initiatives. ECOPs bridge the gap between science and society, playing a relevant role in integrating cutting-edge research, technological advancements, and community-driven action to address climate threats. By bringing together diverse perspectives and leveraging their interdisciplinary expertise, ECOPs ensure that ONCE strategies are grounded in scientific rigor and practical feasibility. Through advocacy, education, and collaboration, ECOPs not only spearhead research and innovation but also inspire collective action to safeguard our oceans. This paper amplifies the critical role of ECOPs as agents of change and calls for a unified global commitment to harness the ocean's potential for a climate-resilient future.
- Environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastics and phenanthrene show limited effects on the behaviour and physiology of green crab lineagesPublication . Cozzolino, Lorenzo; Nicastro, Katy R.; McQuaid, Christopher D.; Halldórsson, Halldór P.; Lima, Fernando P.; Zardi, Gerardo I.Plastic pollution is a growing environmental concern, with microplastics (MPs) and associated contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) jeopardising the resilience and long-term survival of marine species. While species-specific effects have been well-documented, the role of intraspecific diversity in modulating species’ responses to these contaminants remains largely neglected. This study investigates whether genetically distinct lineages of the green crab (Carcinus maenas) differ in their behavioural and physiological responses to environmentally relevant concentrations of polyethylene microplastics (PE) and PE contaminated with phenanthrene (PE+PHE). Juvenile crabs from the Southwest European (SWE) and Icelandic (ICE) populations were exposed to control seawater, PE, or PE+PHE for 72 h, and their behavioural (i.e., food contest) and physiological performances (i.e., heart rate) were assessed. Overall, there were no significant effects of PE or PE+PHE on key behavioural traits related to food competition (e.g., latency to initiate movement, interbout intervals, contest outcome) or on physiological parameters such as heart rate. However, resource possession was significantly reduced in ICE crabs exposed to PE. Our findings suggest that C. maenas exhibits short-term resilience to MPs and PAHs, with similar behavioural responses across distinct genotypic lineages (SWE = ICE). However, differences in heart rates between genetically distinct populations, even in control conditions, highlight the potential effect of lineage-specific physiological plasticity. In addition, high inter-individual variability in behavioural responses suggests susceptibility to MPs and PAHs may not be uniform within populations. Long-term assessments incorporating individual-based analyses are needed to fully understand the complex interplay between plastic pollution, genetic diversity, and behavioural plasticity in this marine species.