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Percorrer Instituto Superior de Engenharia por Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) "02:Erradicar a Fome"
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- Análise de métodos de classificação automática de uso do solo associadas à caracterização e quantificação de áreas regadas - Caso de estudo Campina de Faro, AlgarvePublication . Marques, Jonat Stefani Justa; Martins, Fernando Miguel Granja; Costa, Luís Ricardo Dias daA região Algarvia, com um clima temperado de características mediterrânicas, enfrenta uma crescente incidência de fenómenos de seca hidrológica prolongada, o que agrava de forma significativa os desafios relacionados com a escassez de recursos hídricos na região. A estimativa de valores do consumo de água subterrânea em áreas de regadio na região Algarvia consiste numa variável difícil de controlar e quantificar, não só devido ao elevado número de captações particulares, mas também por causa da variação meteorológica, que afeta os regimes de rega e das áreas regadas. Através da informação extraída pelo processamento de imagens digitais obtidas por deteção remota, juntamente com os valores das dotações de rega, pretende-se contribuir para estimativas do balanço hídrico do sistema aquífero de Campina de Faro mais precisas. Neste trabalho, estudou-se a classificação de uso e ocupação do solo para desenvolver uma metodologia de classificação automática de áreas agrícolas e espaços verdes regados, usando imagens de satélite Sentinel-2, aplicados à Campina de Faro. O projeto permitiu caracterizar com precisão as principais culturas agrícolas e espaços verdes regados na área de estudo e estimar o volume de água utilizado na rega com base nas dotações de rega das diferentes culturas. A metodologia desenvolvida é facilmente replicável para diferentes períodos e zonas, oferecendo uma ferramenta útil para a gestão dos recursos hídricos na região do Algarve. Os resultados obtidos permitiram a classificação das principais áreas e culturas regadas no sistema aquífero, bem como a quantificação da sua variação ao longo do tempo. Para além disso, foram aplicadas dotações de rega oficiais da DGADR, com o objetivo de estimar o volume de água utilizado na rega destas parcelas agrícolas, de forma a quantificar o volume de água extraído do aquífero para a agricultura e golfe. Os valores obtidos estão próximos dos valores oficiais reportados nos Planos de Gestão da Região Hidrográfica, o que demonstra, de certa forma, a fiabilidade dos resultados alcançados com esta metodologia.
- Como as alterações climáticas estão a influenciar as tendências de consumo do vinho no AlgarvePublication . Lança, Rita Isabel Mestre; Galego, Ludovina Rodrigues; Esteves, EduardoO vinho é produzido no Algarve desde o período de ocupação Romana. Sempre foi relevante na cultura da região, mas tem alcançado particular notoriedade desde o início do século XXI com a evolução dos vinhos de Quinta, elaborados com tecnologias atuais e por técnicos com muita formação. Contudo as alterações climáticas estão a produzir constrangimentos, quer pelo aumento da temperatura, quer pela escassez de água disponível. Fatores estes que inevitavelmente alteram as condições de produção e consequentemente as características dos vinhos obtidos. Conhecer as inovações que os produtores da região estão a introduzir para ultrapassar estes obstáculos e a perceção que os mesmos têm relativamente às exigências dos consumidores face a todas estas alterações é o principal objetivo do desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Para tal foi formulado um questionário aos 50 produtores da região do Algarve, caraterizados pelas dimensões e padrões de exportação, enoturismo e certificação. Os resultados obtidos confirmam a necessidade de novas adaptações às alterações climáticas devidas a escassez de água e ao aumento da temperatura, que estão a alterar os perfis do vinho, nomeadamente o teor alcoólico. Razão por que a rega gota a gota é a preferida pelos inquiridos 76%. Também notória a tendência para procura de castas mais resistentes à seca 40%. E como essas alterações estão a influenciar alguns hábitos de consumo, como o aumento da preferência de vinho branco ou rosado ao invés de vinho tinto. Palavras
- Comparative analysis of organoleptic preference and external attractiveness of ‘encore’ and ‘nadorcott’ mandarin cultivarsPublication . Zarcos Duarte, Beatriz; Matias, Pedro; Trindade, Ana Rita; Duarte, Amilcar; Deepanka SaikiaThe ‘Encore’ mandarin tree, cultivated in Portugal for long time, valued for its favour and later ripening period, faces challenges due to a rind-stain disorder afecting its external appearance. Despite its favourable attributes, the emergence of new cultivars such as ‘Nadorcott’, free from external appearance problems and with overlapping ripening periods, resulted in the marginalization of ‘Encore’ in the market. Major retailers, by prioritizing consumer preference for appearance, have contributed to the decline in ‘Encore’ cultivation. Despite this, the ‘Encore’ mandarin is still preferred by long-standing consumers who remember its greater availability in previous decades and value its characteristic taste. Currently, its distribution is mainly restricted to local markets and small-scale fruit retailers. To gauge consumer preference, we conducted a tasting and questionnaire survey with 131 randomly chosen participants, comparing ‘Encore’ and ‘Nadorcott’. The fndings revealed a clear consumer preference for the external appearance of ‘Nadorcott’, leading to a preference for purchasing it based on this criterion alone. Conversely, when evaluating internal fruit quality, consumers distinctly favoured ‘Encore’ for its aroma, sweetness, acidity and overall taste. They expressed a preference for purchasing it based solely on internal quality. However, when participants learnt that less visually appealing fruits were equivalent to the more desirable ones internally, their purchase intentions became indiferent towards both cultivars, with no signifcant diference observed. This highlights the complex interplay between perceptions of external appearance and internal organoleptic quality among consumers, challenging the assumption that appearance alone dictates purchasing decisions.
- Comparative analysis of organoleptic preference and external attractiveness of ‘Encore’ and ‘Nadorcott’ mandarin cultivarsPublication . Zarcos Duarte, Beatriz; Matias, Pedro; Trindade, Ana Rita; Duarte, AmilcarThe ‘Encore’ mandarin tree, cultivated in Portugal for long time, valued for its favour and later ripening period, faces challenges due to a rind-stain disorder afecting its external appearance. Despite its favourable attributes, the emergence of new cultivars such as ‘Nadorcott’, free from external appearance problems and with overlapping ripening periods, resulted in the marginalization of ‘Encore’ in the market. Major retailers, by prioritizing consumer preference for appearance, have contributed to the decline in ‘Encore’ cultivation. Despite this, the ‘Encore’ mandarin is still preferred by long-standing consumers who remember its greater availability in previous decades and value its characteristic taste. Currently, its distribution is mainly restricted to local markets and small-scale fruit retailers. To gauge consumer preference, we conducted a tasting and questionnaire survey with 131 randomly chosen participants, comparing ‘Encore’ and ‘Nadorcott’. The fndings revealed a clear consumer preference for the external appearance of ‘Nadorcott’, leading to a preference for purchasing it based on this criterion alone. Conversely, when evaluating internal fruit quality, consumers distinctly favoured ‘Encore’ for its aroma, sweetness, acidity and overall taste. They expressed a preference for purchasing it based solely on internal quality. However, when participants learnt that less visually appealing fruits were equivalent to the more desirable ones internally, their purchase intentions became indiferent towards both cultivars, with no signifcant diference observed. This highlights the complex interplay between perceptions of external appearance and internal organoleptic quality among consumers, challenging the assumption that appearance alone dictates purchasing decisions.
- Development of a novel formulation of a functional tomato saucePublication . Ngameni Tchonkouang, Rose Daphnee; Martey, Dorcas Martekie; Bal, Murad; Oztop, Mecit Halil; Gago, Custódia; Guerreiro, Adriana; Estêvão, Maria Dulce da Mota Antunes de Oliveira ; Vieira, MargaridaA functional tomato sauce was developed through the enrichment of high-lycopene tomato pulp (TomP) with pea protein (PP), freeze-dried olive powder (OP), and tomato peel powder (TPP) to achieve good sensory acceptability and a high antioxidant level using a 4-component (X1-TomP, X2-PP, X3-OP, X4-TPP) D-optimal mixture design. Responses: Y1-color, Y2-aspect, Y3-aroma, Y4-flow/texture, Y5-taste, Y6-sourness, and Y7-aftertaste, were evaluated by a non-trained sensory panel to obtain polynomial models for all responses. Numerical optimization resulted in the formulation: TomP (93.05%), PP (1.82%), OP (1.66%), and TPP (3.47%). Sensory analyses of the developed sauce revealed that the product was appreciated by untrained and trained panelists. Sensory profile analyses by the trained panel consensus concluded that the sauce has a good flavor profile with well-balanced sweetness and saltiness, slightly perceptible astringent notes, and no off-taste. Analyses of antioxidant activity (ABTS and FRAP), polyphenols, lycopene and beta-carotene were carried out. The sauce had concentrations of 35.37±1.85 mg/100 g (lycopene), 5.72±0.52 mg/100 g (beta-carotene), and 58.30±0.91 mg GAE/100 g (phenolic content) while the pulp had concentrations of 23.54±0.76 mg/100 g, 3.03±0.01 mg/100 g and 39.06±2.99 mg GAE/100 g, respectively. The developed tomato sauce compares favorably with the pulp in terms of lycopene, beta-carotene, and phenolic content. The remarkable increase in phenolic content, lycopene, and beta-carotene (known for their antioxidant properties) in the sauce enriched with powdered additives contributes significantly to its antioxidant potential. Therefore, the developed sauce is a good source of such health-promoting compounds and has the potential to be consumed as a functional food.
- The ecosystem services of irrigated orchards: a reviewPublication . Matias, Pedro; Trindade, Ana Rita; Magalhães, Tomás Thormann Abranches de; Lisboa de Souza Junior, Silvio; Zarcos Duarte, Beatriz; Guerreiro David Coelho, Luísa Isabel; Freitas, Miguel João Pisoeiro de; Barrote, Isabel; Duarte, AmilcarIn the context of global population growth and intensifying climate change, ensuring food security remains a critical challenge. Orchards are more productive than arable crops, contributing significantly to the nutrition of a growing population. Ecologically, due to the absence of frequent soil tillage, orchards resemble natural forest ecosystems more closely than other agricultural systems. Irrigated orchards are particularly productive and enhance biodiversity in territories where water scarcity is the limiting factor for ecosystems. This review, the result of extensive reflection and a comprehensive analysis of the literature on orchard sustainability, synthesizes evidence on the diverse ecosystem services provided by these perennial systems. Due to their structural complexity, well-managed orchards contribute significantly to climate regulation through carbon sequestration, microclimate cooling, and soil erosion prevention. Furthermore, they support nutrient cycling and provide cultural value. This paper establishes an integrated scientific framework to inform evidence-based policies and reshape societal perceptions. It argues that recognizing orchards as multifunctional landscapes, rather than mere resource consumers, is critical for environmental resilience, supporting their fair valuation as essential components of a sustainable bioeconomy.
- The ecosystem services of irrigated orchards: a reviewPublication . Matias, Pedro; Trindade, Ana Rita; Magalhães, Tomás Thormann Abranches de; Lisboa de Souza Junior, Silvio; Zarcos Duarte, Beatriz; Guerreiro David Coelho, Luísa Isabel; Freitas, Miguel João Pisoeiro de; Barrote, Isabel; Duarte, AmilcarIn the context of global population growth and intensifying climate change, ensuring food security remains a critical challenge. Orchards are more productive than arable crops, contributing significantly to the nutrition of a growing population. Ecologically, due to the absence of frequent soil tillage, orchards resemble natural forest ecosystems more closely than other agricultural systems. Irrigated orchards are particularly productive and enhance biodiversity in territories where water scarcity is the limiting factor for ecosystems. This review, the result of extensive reflection and a comprehensive analysis of the literature on orchard sustainability, synthesizes evidence on the diverse ecosystem services provided by these perennial systems. Due to their structural complexity, well-managed orchards contribute significantly to climate regulation through carbon sequestration, microclimate cooling, and soil erosion prevention. Furthermore, they support nutrient cycling and provide cultural value. This paper establishes an integrated scientific framework to inform evidence-based policies and reshape societal perceptions. It argues that recognizing orchards as multifunctional landscapes, rather than mere resource consumers, is critical for environmental resilience, supporting their fair valuation as essential components of a sustainable bioeconomy.
- Effects of planting density and soil management on pitaya (S. undatus) yield in an outdoor plantationPublication . Trindade, Ana Rita; Matias, Pedro; Zarcos Duarte, Beatriz; Trindade, D.; Duarte, AmilcarIn regions with advanced pitaya (Selenicereus spp.) cultivation, the crop is popular due to its rapid production cycle and favourable fruit prices. The Mediterranean offers favourable cultivation conditions, but more research is needed on agronomic practices like spacing and soil management, which affect profitability and sustainability. A trial was conducted in an outdoor plantation to assess the effect of two planting spacings (PS-0.5, plant spacing of 0.5 m; PS-1, plant spacing of 1 m) and two weed management methods (SC-BS, soil cover with black screen; SC-M, soil cover with mulch) on pitaya production parameters (fruits plant‑1; kg plant‑1; average fruit weight; kg m‑2), in the first and second production years. The use of mulching (SC-M) resulted in a higher number of fruits plant‑1 compared to the black screen (SC-BS), but this effect was only observed in the 1st production year. However, PS-1 and SC-BS obtained higher yield (kg plant‑1) compared to the PS-0.5 and SC-M plants. Neither plant spacing nor soil cover strongly influenced fruit size variation over time. Ultimately, the spacing that proved to be the most productive was the tightest (PS-0.5) with an average value of 0.82±0.04 kg m‑2, compared to PS-1 (0.60±0.04 kg m‑2). Results show that pitaya productivity is increasing annually, even under tighter spacings. Adding organic matter to the soil significantly boosts production, and consistent mulching improves soil fertility and controls weeds efficiently.
- Efficacy of slow sand filtration enriched with trichoderma atroviride in the control of fusarium oxysporum in soilless cultivation systemsPublication . Matias, Pedro; Guerreiro David Coelho, Luísa Isabel; Reis, MárioOn a planet intending to move toward carbon neutrality while ensuring food security, maximizing water and nutrient use efficiency in agriculture is essential. Soilless cultivation offers a promising solution for food production, yet in substrate-based systems, excess nutrient solution (drainage) is often discarded to maintain phytosanitary safety, resulting in considerable water and nutrient waste. Reusing this drainage requires disinfection to eliminate pathogens. Among available methods, slow sand filtration (SSF) is ecological, economical, and simple, showing strong biological control potential, though not always fully effective against Fusarium oxysporum. Trichoderma atroviride, an antagonistic fungus, may enhance SSF performance. Its antagonistic capacity was evaluated in vitro via direct confrontation assays and in vivo using a closed-loop soilless cucumber cultivation system with eight treatment combinations of SSF, T. atroviride, and F. oxysporum. SSF reduced F. oxysporum incidence by approximately 48%, T. atroviride in irrigation by 44%, and SSF enriched with T. atroviride reached 58% disease incidence reduction, though this increase was not statistically significant. These results confirm that both SSF and T. atroviride can partially suppress F. oxysporum, but further optimization is needed for consistent and complete pathogen control.
- Enhancing agriculture monitoring through anomaly detection of iot sensor dataPublication . Maia, André Miranda; Cardoso, Pedro Jorge Sequeira; Semião, Jorge Filipe Leal CostaEste trabalho propõe um aprimoramento no monitoramento agrícola por meio da detecção de anomalias utilizando dados de sensores IoT, aplicados especificamente em plantações de citros. O projeto investiga a integração de redes de sensores e técnicas de aprendizado de máquina para monitorar variáveis ambientais críticas, como evapotranspiração e a resistência interna do tronco das plantas. Ao incorporar dados meteorológicos da IPMA e de sensores instalados diretamente nas árvores, foi desenvolvido um sistema de monitoramento com o objetivo de detectar anomalias no uso da água e identificar reações anômalas das plantas em meio a condições ambientais adversas. Este sistema está atualmente em fase de coleta intensiva de dados, sendo que, no futuro, esses dados serão utilizados para retreinar os algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina, otimizando os processos de irrigação e minimizando o desperdício de recursos hídricos. Uma parte central do projeto foi a criação de um dashboard interativo, projetado para facilitar o acesso em tempo real às informações coletadas e processadas. Esse dashboard exibe dados ambientais e agrícolas, incluindo indicadores chave como evapotranspiração e consumo de água, fornecendo insights valiosos para os agricultores. O dashboard foi desenvolvido com tecnologias modernas de visualização de dados, permitindo personalização por localização geográfica e condições climáticas, e oferecendo uma plataforma prática para o gerenciamento de operações agrícolas em diversas regiões de Portugal. Os resultados preliminares indicam que o uso de algoritmos de detecção de anomalias é promissor para entender os padrões e as reações das árvores cítricas diante de mudanças climáticas, demonstrando potencial significativo para melhorar a eficiência no manejo da irrigação. Esse avanço pode representar uma contribuição importante para a sustentabilidade das operações agrícolas, reduzindo o desperdício de água e aumentando a resiliência das plantações em face das condições ambientais variáveis.