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- Bell Beaker or not Bell Beaker: an perspective on chalcolithic at the iberian peninsula paired fingernail imprints in s-shaped vesselsPublication . Basílio, Ana CatarinaThe Bell Beaker phenomenon is the sum of several regional answers. Those are diluted into a reality with several shared characteristics. Nevertheless, and although being one of the most studied expressions of the European Recent Prehistory, more specific adaptations are still to be understood. This is the case of the paired fingernail imprints, or pinched motifs, that due to their scarceness are mostly unnoticed in Iberia. However, one was able to highpoint a scarceness of these standardised motifs in funerary contexts and a concentration in contexts dated from the last quarter of the IIIrd millennium BC, in the precise period of transition in the way of life of the peninsular human groups. Also, the regression in the communicative ability of the vessels, but at the same time dear links with other European Bell Beaker contexts seems to strengthen the hypothesis that this large-scale style must be understood as another agent in the ongoing identarian and social processes acting, as such, in the transition to the beginning of the Peninsular Bronze Age.
- Fingerprinting ceramics from the chalcolithic Santa Vitória Enclosure (SW Iberia)Publication . Marques, Rosa; Rodrigues, Ana Luisa; Russo, Dulce; Gméling, Katalin; Valera, António Carlos; Dias, Maria I.; Prudêncio, Maria I.; Basílio, Ana Catarina; Fernandes, Paula G.; Ruiz, FranciscoThe Santa Vitória Chalcolithic site (southern Portugal) prompts several questions related to the provenance and production technology of artefacts. Archaeological ceramics from two sections of Ditch 1 of the Santa Vitória site were studied by neutron activation analysis and X-ray diffraction for the first time, with the main goal of contributing to the contextualization of the artefacts and better understanding their production processes/technologies and the provenance of raw materials. The results point to a local production of ceramics, since their mineral phases reflect the geological contexts around the archaeological site. The mineralogical assemblage indicates a firing temperature below 850 ◦C. Iron is the better discriminator of ceramics from both sections, which could be related to the addition of different proportions of temper grains during the ceramics’ production. Although trace elements do not serve as discriminating geochemical indicators for the analyzed samples, they do imply a slightly higher heterogeneity in the composition of the ceramic paste from section 2. The negative Eu anomaly found in two samples is in accordance with the lower contents of Na2O, related to plagioclase weathering. Detailed studies on ceramics and potential raw materials are foreseen to assist in discussing the role of this Chalcolithic archaeological site at a regional level.
- Catherine J. Frieman. an archaeology of innovation: approaching social and technological change in human societyPublication . Basílio, Ana CatarinaInnovation and change are some of the most recurrent themes addressed not only in archaeological research but also through social, economic, environmental, or biological sciences (among others). This interest can be justified since transitional moments are those which we usually know least, or because they are traditionally seen as structural in our shared past, and crucial for understanding the social trajectories that came afterwards. These transformative episodes have primarily been approached through a ‘scientific’ and even political lens that leads to sometimes direct transpositions from current points of view to the past. Only more recently have social considerations that try to accomplish archaeology’s primary goal— which includes understanding the practices of past individuals and communities, materialities, or biographies—been fruitfully explored. An Archaeology of Innovation by Catherine J. Frieman succeeds, in an exceptionally easy to read and sometimes humorous way, in giving us an overview of different approaches to innovation, combining them from an archaeological perspective, and backing them up with multiple theories and examples fromdifferent times and regions. What this book provides is an updated archaeological take on the study of innovation, change, and resistance in the past and present, not reducing these subjects to ‘“Do-Need” fra meworks’ (p. 159), but instead highlighting archaeology’s social nature.
- Dinâmicas ocupacionais na segunda metade do 3º milénio a.C. nos Perdigões: continuidades e descontinuidadePublication . Basílio, Ana Catarina; Valera, António Carlos de; Carvalho, António FaustinoEste trabalho trata as diversas dinâmicas “campaniformes” vigentes na segunda metade do 3º milénio a.C. no sítio arqueológico dos Perdigões e, por inerência, na região envolvente. Para tal, com base no estudo de contextos selecionados, caracterizam-se continuidades materiais e de práticas, e relacionam-se estas evidências, onde se inclui o Campaniforme, com sinais de descontinuidade, ainda que estes encontrem pouca expressão no registo geral identificado nos Perdigões. Avançam-se ainda modelos, ou propostas interpretativas que diluem o Campaniforme nas práticas e nas actividades de gestão, negociação, aceitação e rejeição destas comunidades, sugerindo-se que a componente cerâmica do “pacote” campaniforme terá sido uma das que menos aceitação encontrou no território alentejano. A nível regional surgiram evidencias que têm sido interpretadas no âmbito de teorias sociais de ruptura, entre a primeira e a segunda metade do 3º milénio a.C. Contudo, aceitando-se que actos de abandono podem reflectir processos de reorganização interna das redes de povoamento ou ainda actos de mobilidade total ou parcial das comunidades, pôde observar-se que os sítios de habitat mantiveram uma importância estruturante na paisagem. Estes teriam definido fronteiras, representando pontos de aproximação aos antepassados, que terão contado com diversas revisitações. Esta correspondência identitária das comunidades para com os locais vai levar à sua reocupação, já com materiais campaniformes associados, gerando novas arquitecturas que podem reflectir o transporte das referências cosmológicas e ideológicas. Os materiais campaniformes contribuem para este panorama geral de continuidade, ainda que ilustrem uma novidade artefactual, mantendo uma coesão não só na região dos Perdigões, como em todo o Alentejo, verificando-se a sua exclusão intencional dos contextos funerário, enfatizando o papel social em práticas e rituais que, principalmente a cerâmica, transportavam. Um fenómeno que nos permite aceder à agência dos diversos grupos que compõem a paisagem do final do 3º milénio, deixando, no entanto, vislumbrar pequenas diferenciações identitárias.
- Human–deer relations during late prehistory: The zooarchaeological data from central and southern Portugal in perspectivePublication . Almeida, Nelson J.; Guinot, Catarina; Ribeiro, Inês; Barreira, João; Basílio, Ana CatarinaHuman–animal relations have been a fruitful research topic worldwide. The importance of deer in hunter–gatherer societies is undeniable, with cervids being commonly found in archaeological and past artistic records, with a notable amount of information recovered in the Iberian Peninsula. This relevance continues during Late Prehistory, but the attempt to discuss cervids under broader perspectives and based on different types of data is not as common. We intend to approach human–deer relations in Central and Southern Portuguese Late Prehistory by considering the zooarchaeological records, both deer abundance in faunal spectra and their presence in “meaningful” assemblages and structured depositions, as well as the use of deer and deer body parts in other socio–cultural and ideological practices. The synthesis of available data shows that human–deer relations changed through time and space, with different abundances related to hunting depending on chronology and geography. The use of deer or their body parts as a resource of symbolic nature also varied, being included in food-sharing events, offerings, structured depositions, and graphic representations. Changeability is part of the different relationships, ontologies, and cosmogonies that humans and deer developed in the Late Prehistoric relational world.
- NeoNet Atlantic. Radiocarbon dates for the late mesolithic/early neolithic transition in the Southern European Atlantic CoastPublication . Huet, Thomas; Basílio, Ana Catarina; Faustino de Carvalho, António Manuel; Cubas, Miriam; Gibaja, Juan F.; López-Romero, Elías; Oms, F. Xavier; Mazzucco, NiccolòNeoNet Atlantic dataset complements the NeoNet Mediterranean dataset by providing new curated radiocarbon dates for the study of the pioneer farming front (i.e. Neolithisation, ca. 7500 to 3500 cal BC) in the Southern European Atlantic Coast river basin (Portugal, Western Spain, Southwestern France). The complete dataset is formed by the id00164_doc_elencoc14.tsv file, a data frame with tab -separated values, and a related dataframe: id00164_doc_thesaurus.tsv. The dataset contains 1,143 radiocarbon dates from 254 archaeological sites and 817 different archaeological contexts (stratigraphic units, structures, negative features, hearths, etc.) informed by 233 bibliographical references. As for the NeoNet Mediterranean dataset, particular attention has been paid to homogenisation of the laboratory code, the archaeological context, and the references, in order to facilitate further data extractions. Indeed, the dataset is linked to an open source R Shiny interactive web app (NeoNet app), a series of functions hosted on GitHub, and a getter function (R package c14bazAAr, R function get_c14data("neonetatl").