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- Being physically active leads to better recovery prognosis for people diagnosed with COVID-19: A cross-sectional studyPublication . Gomide, Euripedes Barsanulfo Gonçalves; Mazzonetto, Lisa Fernanda; Cordeiro, Jéssica Fernanda Corrêa; Cordeiro, Daniella Corrêa; Oliveira, Alcivandro de Sousa; Fioco, Evandro Marianetti; Venturini, Ana Claudia Rossini; Abdalla, Pedro Pugliesi; Da Silva, Leonardo Santos Lopes; Tasinafo Júnior, Márcio Fernando; De Andrade, Denise; Bohn, Lucimere; Machado, D. R. L.; Dos Santos, André PereiraThe regular practice of physical activity helps in the prevention and control of several non-communicable diseases. However, evidence on the role of physical activity in mitigating worsening clinical outcomes in people with COVID-19 is still unclear. The aim of this study was to verify whether different levels of physical activity provide protection for clinical outcomes caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 509 adults (43.8 +/- 15.71 years; 61.1% female) with a positive diagnosis of COVID-19 residing in Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Participants were interviewed by telephone to determine the severity of the infection and the physical activity performed. Binary logistic regression was used to indicate the odds ratio (OR) of active people reporting less harmful clinical outcomes from COVID-19. Active people had a lower chance of hospitalization, fewer hospitalization days, less respiratory difficulty and needed less oxygen support. The results suggest that active people, compared to sedentary people, have a lower frequency of hospitalization, length of stay, breathing difficulty and need for oxygen support. These results corroborate the importance of public policies to promote the practice of physical activity, in order to mitigate the severity of the clinical outcomes of COVID-19.
- Characteristics of resistance training-based protocols in older adults with sarcopenic obesity: a scoping review of training procedure recommendationsPublication . Silva, Leonardo Santos Lopes da; Gonçalves, Leonardo da Silva; Abdalla, Pedro Pugliesi; Benjamim, Cícero Jonas Rodrigues; Tasinafo, Márcio Fernando; Venturini, Ana Cláudia Rossini; Bohn, Lucimere; Mota, Jorge; Marcos-Pardo, Pablo Jorge; Kemmler, Wolfgang; dos Santos, André Pereira; Machado, D. R. L.Background: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a clinical and functional disease characterized by the coexistence of obesity and sarcopenia. Resistance training (RT) characteristics for older adults with sarcopenia or obesity are already well established in the scientific literature. Nonetheless, we still do not know how detailed the RT protocols are described for older adults with SO. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the characteristics of RT programs, including each of their variables, recommended for older adults with SO. Methods: This is a scoping review study that was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for Scoping Reviews. The search was carried out until November 2022 in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, Google Scholar, and medRxiv databases. The studies included SO diagnosis and RT as an intervention strategy. The RT variables analyzed were as follows: exercise selection, the volume of sets, the intensity of load, repetition cadence, rest interval between sets, and weekly frequency. Results: A total of 1,693 studies were identified. After applying the exclusion criteria, 15 studies were included in the final analysis. The duration of the RT intervention ranged from 8 to 24 weeks. All studies included full-body routines, with single/multi-joint exercises. Regarding the volume of sets, some studies fixed it in three sets, whereas others varied between one and three sets. The load was reported by repetition range and the weight lifted, elastic-band color/resistance, percentage of one repetition maximum, or perceived exertion scale. Repetition cadence was fixed in some studies, while it was self-selected between concentric and eccentric phases in others. The interval between sets of rest varied from 30 to 180 s. All studies reported progression overload during the interventions.
- Multicompartment body composition analysis in older adults: a cross-sectional studyPublication . Rossini-Venturini, Ana C.; Veras, Lucas; Abdalla, Pedro P.; Santos, André P. d.; Tasinafo-Junior, Márcio F.; Silva, Leonardo S. L. d.; Alves, Thiago C.; Ferriolli, Eduardo; Romo-Perez, Vicente; Garcia-Soidan, Jose L.; Mota, Jorge; Machado, DalmoBackground During aging, changes occur in the proportions of muscle, fat, and bone. Body composition (BC) alterations have a great impact on health, quality of life, and functional capacity. Several equations to predict BC using anthropometric measurements have been developed from a bi-compartmental (2-C) approach that determines only fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). However, these models have several limitations, when considering constant density, progressive bone demineralization, and changes in the hydration of the FFM, as typical changes during senescence. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to propose and validate a new multi-compartmental anthropometric model to predict fat, bone, and musculature components in older adults of both sexes. Methods This cross-sectional study included 100 older adults of both sexes. To determine the dependent variables (fat mass [FM], bone mineral content [BMC], and appendicular lean soft tissue [ALST]) whole total and regional dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) body scans were performed. Twenty-nine anthropometric measures and sex were appointed as independent variables. Models were developed through multivariate linear regression. Finally, the predicted residual error sum of squares (PRESS) statistic was used to measure the effectiveness of the predicted value for each dependent variable. Results An equation was developed to simultaneously predict FM, BMC, and ALST from only four variables: weight, half-arm span (HAS), triceps skinfold (TriSK), and sex. This model showed high coefficients of determination and low estimation errors (FM: R2adj: 0.83 and SEE: 3.16; BMC: R2adj: 0.61 and SEE: 0.30; ALST: R2adj: 0.85 and SEE: 1.65). Conclusion The equations provide a reliable, practical, and low-cost instrument to monitor changes in body components during the aging process. The internal cross-validation method PRESS presented sufficient reliability in the model as an inexpensive alternative for clinical field use.
- Optimizing outdoor fitness equipment training for older adults: Benefits and future directions for healthy agingPublication . Marcos-Pardo, Pablo Jorge; Espeso-García, Alejandro; Abelleira-Lamela, Tomás; Machado, D. R. L.Regular physical activity is vital for the health and disease prevention of older adults. Outdoor fitness equipment has gained popularity for natural exercise spaces among middle-aged and older individuals. This narrative review demonstrates that these programs have the potential to improve cardiovascular health, muscle strength, flexibility, balance, and reduce falls, while also enhancing quality of life, alleviating depression and anxiety, and boosting self-esteem. However, our understanding is hindered by limited rigorous experimental studies. Future directions include implementing standardized measurements, conducting long-term studies, and addressing equipment limitations to enable better adjustment of training intensity and promote correct postures on machines. New, more rigorous research is needed to comprehensively understand the psychophysiological and social effects on health. Additionally, suggested modifications could render the machines more effective and safer. The primary objective is to enhance this type of machinery to encourage its use in outdoor spaces, thus aiding adults and older individuals in achieving overall health and enjoying a healthy aging process.
- Sleep quality and falls in middle-aged and older adults: ELSI-Brazil study middleaged middle aged adults ELSIBrazilPublication . Santos, André Pereira dos; Cordeiro, Jéssica Fernanda Correa; Abdalla, Pedro Pugliesi; Bohn, Lucimere; Sebastião, Emerson; Silva, Leonardo Santos Lopes da; Tasinafo Júnior, Márcio Fernando; Venturini, Ana Cláudia Rossini; Andaki, Alynne Christian Ribeiro; Mendes, Edmar Lacerda; Marcos-Pardo, Pablo Jorge; Mota, Jorge; Machado, Dalmo Roberto Lopes; Lopes Machado, Dalmo RobertoObjective: To verify the association between low self-reported sleep quality (LSQ) and fall in middle-aged and older adults every half-decade of life. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the first wave (2015–2016) of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), which is nationally representative. The sample consisted of 8,950 participants who were allocated into eight age groups: 50–54, 55–59, 60–64, 65–69, 70–74, 75–79, 80–84, and ≥ 85 years. The questionnaires used included self-reported sleep quality and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short version. Fisher’s exact test followed by binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the odds ratio of sleep quality for fall occurrence, controlled for confounding variables. Results: Individuals aged 50–105 years (63.6 ± 10.2 years), 57.0% females and 43.0% males, participated in this study. Overall, 21.5% of participants experienced at least one fall. The relative frequency of participants classified as having high or LSQ remained constant across each half-decade of life. The LSQ exhibited a statistically significant OR (p < 0.05) for falls across age groups up to 84, even after accounting for confounding variables. Conclusion: LSQ is significantly associated with an increased occurrence of fall in adults aged >50 years, but not for ≥ 85 years regardless of sex and physical activity level.
- Is sleep behavior impacted by sharing a bed or room with a partner? a cross-sectional study with older adultsPublication . Cordeiro, Jéssica Fernanda Corrêa; Silva, Leonardo Santos Lopes da; Abdalla, Pedro Pugliesi; Vila-Chã, Carolina; Miranda, Kessketlen; Sebastião, Emerson; Gaya, Anelise; Lopes Machado, Dalmo Roberto; Santos, André Pereira dos; Bohn, LucimereArchaeology Despite exploring factors, little is known about sleep quality and room sharing in older adults. To examine differences in sleep quality among older adults as a function of bed/room sharing during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Brazil and enrolled 1,123 older adults aged 60 years and older. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality and sleep duration. Bed or room sharing was assessed using a single question (“do you have a bed partner or a roommate?” “no bed partner or roommate”; “partner/roommate in other room”; “partner in the same room, but not same bed”; “partner in same bed”). Between group comparisons were performed with ANCOVA adjusting for confounders.
- Low handgrip strength is associated with falls after the age of 50: findings from the Brazilian longitudinal study of aging (ELSI-Brazil)Publication . Santos, André Pereira dos; Cordeiro, Jéssica Fernanda Correa; Abdalla, Pedro Pugliesi; Bohn, Lucimere; Sebastião, Emerson; Silva, Leonardo Santos Lopes da; Tasinafo-Júnior, Márcio Fernando; Venturini, Ana Cláudia Rossini; Andaki, Alynne Christian Ribeiro; Mendes, Edmar Lacerda; Marcos-Pardo, Pablo Jorge; Mota, Jorge; Dalmo Roberto Lopes Machado; Lopes Machado, Dalmo RobertoAim This study examined the association of low handgrip strength (HGS) for falls in middle-aged adults and older adults every half-decade of life. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted using the public data from the first wave of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil). The participants were allocated into seven age groups 50–54, 55–59, 60–64, 65–69, 70–74, 75–79, and ≥ 80 years. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the odds ratio (OR) of low HGS to the falls regardless of confounding variables such as sex, balance, gait speed, and total number of health conditions. Results A total of 8,112 participants aged 50–105 years (median = 62.0 years): 3,490 males (median = 60.0 years) and 4,622 females (median = 63.0 years) attended the study. Altogether, 21.5% of participants experienced at least one fall. HGS gradually decreases over each half-decade of life. In addition, low HGS presented a significative OR (p < 0.05) for falls for age groups, until 80 s, even when considering confounding variables. Conclusions Low HGS is associated with falls in middle-aged adults over their 50 s and remained a strong measure of falls across each subsequent half-decade of life, until 80 s.