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Bem-estar subjetivo na transição para a reforma: o papel da otimização seletiva com compensação
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Abstract(s)
A reforma é uma etapa da vida com relevante significado psicológico na vida de cada pessoa. O modo e qualidade da transição da vida profissionalmente ativa para a reforma é refletida em diversos aspetos psicológicos, nomeadamente em termos de bem-estar. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o papel das estratégias de otimização seletiva com compensação (SOC) na transição para a reforma e, o seu contributo para o bem-estar subjetivo. Efetuamos, uma análise comparativa da satisfação com a vida (SWLS), dos afetos positivo e negativo (PANAS) e das estratégias SOC em função de determinadas caraterísticas sociodemográficas (género, empregado ou reformado, reforma voluntária ou involuntária, escolaridade), bem como se analisam as associações entre elas.
Participaram no estudo 193 indivíduos (M = 81; F = 112), entre os 60 e os 89 anos (M=65.23, DP=5.62). A população empregada (N=110) tinha entre 12 a 50 anos de serviço (M = 35.73; DP=5.89), com menos de 1 ano a 7 anos para chegarem à reforma (M=3.88, DP=1.70). Nos participantes reformados (N=83) verificou-se que estes reformaram-se entre os 49 e os 70 anos (M=61.40, DP=4.71), estando reformados entre 1 a 25 anos (M=11.29, DP=6.85). Foi aplicado um questionário sociodemográfico e as seguintes medidas psicológicas: Escala de Afeto Positivo e Negativo (PANAS), Escala de Satisfação com a Vida (SWLS) e o Questionário de Otimização Seletiva com Compensação (SOC-Q).
Os resultados parecem sugerir que a maioria dos participantes se encontra satisfeita com a vida, experiencia afetos positivos e, por isso, revela maior nível de bem-estar subjetivo. Também conseguimos apurar que são utilizadas as estratégias SOC de uma forma homogénea entre a população reformada e empregada, sendo a estratégia de seleção eletiva a mais utilizada. O tipo de reforma e a escolaridade são variáveis que parecem influenciar o tipo de estratégia utilizada e o bem-estar subjetivo dos participantes.
Retirement is a stage of life with relevant psychological significance in the life of each person. The way and quality of the transition from working life to retirement is reflected in several psychological aspects, namely in terms of well-being. The goal of this study is to analyze the role of selective optimization strategies with compensation (SOC) in the transition to retirement, and their contribution to subjective well-being. We make a comparative analysis of life satisfaction (SWLS), positive and negative affects (PANAS) and SOC strategies according to certain sociodemographic characteristics (gender, employed or retired, voluntary or involuntary retirement, schooling), as well as analyzing the associations between them. 193 individuals participated in the study (M = 81; F = 112), between 60 and 89 years old (M = 65.23, SD = 5.62). The employed population (N = 110) had between 12 and 50 years of service (M = 35.73; SD = 5.89), with less than 1 year to 7 years to reach retirement (M = 3.88, SD = 1.70). Retired participants (N = 83) found that they retired between 49 and 70 years old (M = 61.40, SD = 4.71), being retired between 1 and 25 years (M = 11.29, SD = 6.85). A Sociodemographic Questionnaire and the following psychological measures were applied: Positive and Negative Affection Scale (PANAS), Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS) and the Selective Compensation Optimization Questionnaire (SOC-Q). The results seem to suggest that most participants are satisfied with their lives, experience positive affect, and therefore show a higher level of subjective well-being. We were also able to as certain that SOC strategies are used in a homogeneous manner among there retired and employed population, with the elective selection strategy being the most used. The type of reformand education are variables that seem to influence the type of strategy used and the subjective well-being of the participants.
Retirement is a stage of life with relevant psychological significance in the life of each person. The way and quality of the transition from working life to retirement is reflected in several psychological aspects, namely in terms of well-being. The goal of this study is to analyze the role of selective optimization strategies with compensation (SOC) in the transition to retirement, and their contribution to subjective well-being. We make a comparative analysis of life satisfaction (SWLS), positive and negative affects (PANAS) and SOC strategies according to certain sociodemographic characteristics (gender, employed or retired, voluntary or involuntary retirement, schooling), as well as analyzing the associations between them. 193 individuals participated in the study (M = 81; F = 112), between 60 and 89 years old (M = 65.23, SD = 5.62). The employed population (N = 110) had between 12 and 50 years of service (M = 35.73; SD = 5.89), with less than 1 year to 7 years to reach retirement (M = 3.88, SD = 1.70). Retired participants (N = 83) found that they retired between 49 and 70 years old (M = 61.40, SD = 4.71), being retired between 1 and 25 years (M = 11.29, SD = 6.85). A Sociodemographic Questionnaire and the following psychological measures were applied: Positive and Negative Affection Scale (PANAS), Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS) and the Selective Compensation Optimization Questionnaire (SOC-Q). The results seem to suggest that most participants are satisfied with their lives, experience positive affect, and therefore show a higher level of subjective well-being. We were also able to as certain that SOC strategies are used in a homogeneous manner among there retired and employed population, with the elective selection strategy being the most used. The type of reformand education are variables that seem to influence the type of strategy used and the subjective well-being of the participants.
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Keywords
Envelhecimento Reforma Bem-estar subjetivo SOC